Data Collection Methods and Tools for Research; a step-by-Step Guide to Choose Data Collection Technique for Academic and Business Research Projects

International Journal of Academic Research in Management
 
Volume 10, Issue 1, 2021, ISSN: 2296-1747 
www.elvedit.com 
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A) Survey Process Steps
Figure 5 summarizes main process steps in surveys; however, it should be noted that although some 
steps such as pilot testing are essential, some steps are not necessary in conducting all surveys, and as the 
surveys are complex, the process does not need to follow the order and these sequential steps are 
provided as a common example. First, the design and plan of the study should be provided. It includes 
defining the purpose of study, sample selection method, its size, and designing and providing 
questionnaires.
At the next level, you go through the testing and modifying processes which include examining pilot 
tests and pre-tests if possible, analyzing the tests, and modifying them if needed, and repeating the whole 
process from the first step after all modifications, then you should conduct the survey, finalize the 
documents and questionnaire forms, select your sample, train the interviewers and conduct the survey. 
Finally, the gathered data should be analyzed by entering data, coding it, preparing the result reports and 
lastly, finalizing them as technical reports (Kabir, 2016). 
F
IGURE
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5.
S
URVEY
P
ROCESS
B) Common Issues and Errors 
Different issues and errors may happen during the survey process due to the several possible resources. 
These errors can stem from the following origins: 
● Inappropriate planning due to the lack in well-understanding of the study concept; 
● Selecting unappropriated survey method including emails, face-to-face, etc.; 
● Inappropriate questionnaire design; 
● Interviewers issues such as misunderstanding the answers, biases, etc.; 
● Sample selection issues such as biased selection, small size; 
● Problems of the respondents, for example, memorial mistakes; 

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