Derivation

Productive types of word formation

1. Affixation: dis- + close = disclose, play + -ful = playful; sales + - man = salesman;

2. Composition (compounding): key + board = keyboard; one + eyed = one-eyed;

3. Conversion: a jump > to jump, a click > to click, a hammer – to hammer, a text – to text (?);

4. Shortening:

4.1. Abbreviation: UNESCO, CEO, WWW, etc.;

4.2. Clipping: telephone > phone, exam, fan, etc.

Non-productive types of word formation

• They have diachronic value and in Modern English often possess stylistic relevance:
• Blending : smoke + fog = smog; motor + hotel = motel;
• Back-formation : editor > to edit, television > to televise;
• Reduplication : goody-goody, bye-bye, walkie-talkie;
• Sound interchange : to speak – speech, to feed – food;

MINOR WORD FORMATION TYPES:

• Stress interchange : to pre’sent > a ‘present ;
• Lexicalisation of plural form of nouns : arms, customs;
• Substantivisation : patient (adj) > patient (n);
• Adjectivisation: body (n) > > body (adj) in ‘body language’;
• Mixed forms: south > southern, T-shirt, pop-music, widgetsmith, iPhone, etc.

What is “i” in “iPhone?

• According to Steve Jobs, the "i" letter in "iMac" (and therefore "iPod", "iPhone" and "iPad") stands for internet, individual, instruct, inform, and inspire.
• The first-generation iPhone was announced by then-Apple CEO Steve Jobs on January 9, 2007. 

Word formation by analogy

• E.g. «After being judged as introverts, extroverts and ambiverts, the internet generation has recognized themselves as cyberverts”.
• Introvert - Origin: mid 17th cent. (as a verb in the general sense 'turn one's thoughts inward [in spiritual contemplation]'): from Modern Latin introvertere, from ‘intro’- ‘to the inside’ + ‘vertere’ ‘to turn’.
• Its use as a term in psychology dates from the early 20th cent.
• Further extension:
• 20th cent: extravert;
• 21st cent – cybervert;
• 22nd cent – asrovert?