Development of novel plastic scintillators based on polyvinyltoluene for the hybrid j-pet/mr tomograph


Table 3 Chemical structures of polymeric matrix of plastic scintillator [33]


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Table 3 Chemical structures of polymeric matrix of plastic scintillator [33]. 
Name 
Chemical structure 
Polystyrene (PS) 
Polyvinyltoluene (PVT) 


18 
Both monomers: styrene and vinyltoluene are viscous liquids which polymerize on 
heating to form of solid, thermoplastic polymers. The basis of all aromatic vinyl polymers, 
including polystyrene and polyvinyltoluene, are -CH=CH
2
bounds which breaking enable 
to built long polymeric chains [37]. 
Polymer cannot be an effective scintillator because of weak fluorescence efficiency 
and short mean free path for scintillating light. In molecules containing aromatic rings
only small fraction, about 3 % of the energy is converted into optical photons [38]. The 
wavelength of emitted photons is not adjusted to quantum efficiency of photomultiplier 
(see Fig. 5). Polymer is just the medium to transfer the energy to primary fluor.
About 1 wt. % of the dopant increases not only the attenuation length of photons but also 
the scintillator light output [33].
There is a large number of chemical compounds, that can be used as primary fluors 
in plastic scintillators. Some of them are presented in Tab. 4.
 
 
Table 4 Substances that can be used as primary fluors in plastic scintillators. λ
abs
 denotes wavelength at maximum 
of absorption, λ
em
 - wavelength at maximum of emission, Φ
f
 - fluorescence quantum efficiency, τ - decay time of 
light pulses, R - solubility in a given solvent at 20
o
. Denotation of solvents: mb– toluene, a – acetonitryle, b – 
benzene, c – cyklohexsan, d – dioxane, e – ethanol, k – xylene, m – methylene chloride, me – methanol, t – THF. 

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