Dialect 404 «a» Rafikova(Mukhammadjonova) Solikha


Download 194.72 Kb.
Sana08.12.2021
Hajmi194.72 Kb.
#179237
Bog'liq
Dialects deaďline

Dialect

  • 404 «a» Rafikova(Mukhammadjonova) Solikha


Linguists maintain that:

Dialect’ is a neutral label to refer to any variety of a language that is shared by a group of speakers. To speak a language is to speak some dialect of that language


Facts about dialects

  • All languages consist of dialects (a language is a group of dialects; to speak a language is to speak a dialect of that language)
  • Therefore, everyone speaks at least one dialect
  • Dialect differences are usually minor and dialects of a language are usually mutually intelligible
  • Dialects are geographically, socially, politically determined

Facts about dialects

  • Some linguists distinguish between ‘dialect’ and ‘accent’:
    • Different dialects have differences of grammar and vocabulary;
    • Different accents have differences of pronunciation;
    • Every user of English uses one dialect or another, and one accent or another.

Facts about dialects

  • The status of any given dialect is arbitrarily determined (‘A language is a dialect with a navy and army’)
    • E.g., Swedish vs. Norwegian
  • But dialects can sometimes be mutually unintelligible
  • The terms ‘dialect’ & ‘language’ are politically and socially loaded.

A Working Definition of Standard English

  • A particular dialect of English, being the only non-localized dialect, of global currency without significant variation, universally accepted as the appropriate educational target in teaching English; which may be spoken with an unrestricted choice of accent.

Global Currency for Standard English

  • Those who use Standard English – whether as their mother tongue or as a foreign or second language
    • Are not confined to any single locality or geographical area;
    • May be found in any inhabited region of the world.

Standard or Preferred Dialects

Standard or Preferred Dialects

Standard, preferred, or “prestige” dialects emerge from dialect variation.

British English: London dialect, not cockney, Scottish, Irish, Manchester, etc.

American English: West/Western Midwest, not Southern, South Boston, Brooklyn, BEV, inner city Chicago, etc.

  • Spanish: Barcelona/Madrid, not Mexico, El Salvador, Guatemala, etc.

Labeling Vernacular Dialects

  • Strong affective associations related to particular labels
    • Negro Dialect, Substandard Negro English, Nonstandard Negro English, Black English Afro-American English, Ebonics, Vernacular Black English, African American (Vernacular) English, African American Language
    • Latino/a English, Chicano/a English, Hispanic English, Cholo
    • California talk, valley girl, surfer?

Thank you for your Attention!


Download 194.72 Kb.

Do'stlaringiz bilan baham:




Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling