Differences in iq and Memory of Monolingual/Bilingual Children who Suffered a tbi
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Differences in IQ and Memory of Monolingual Bilingual Children wh
Delayed Memory
There was a significant main effect of age on delayed memory F(1, 15) = 8.79, p = .01, r = 0.79 (See Table 7). Table 7. ANCOVA of Bilingual/Monolingual Delayed Memory Scores Across Time Sources of Variation SS Df MS F P-Value Delayed Memory Time 1 48.55 1 48.55 0.63 0.44 Delayed Memory Time 2 353.01 1 353.01 1.58 0.23 Age 2940.78 1 2940.78 8.79 0.01 Language Spoken 180.50 1 180.50 0.54 0.47 Moreover, a significant interaction was present between delayed memory at Time 1 (3 month evaluation) and age F(1, 15) = 5.59, p = .03, r = 0.60. In general, monolingual/bilinguals appear to have a significantly lower delayed verbal memory at Time 1 (M = 98.14, SE = 2.37) compared to their delayed nonverbal memory at Time 1 (M = 108.86, SE = 2.41). It appears that younger children (specifically ages 5 and 6) do not have as many difficulties with verbal and nonverbal immediate memory at either time point of evaluation. However, the older the child is when the TBI occurs, the more difficulty they have with their delayed memory. Also, delayed verbal memory appears to be more significantly impacted compared to nonverbal memory at the 3 month evaluation (See Fig. 21). 47 Figure 21. Delayed Memory Across Age at 3 Month Evaluation A significant interaction was also present between delayed memory at Time 1 and delayed memory at Time 2. This indicates that as a group monolinguals/bilinguals’ delayed verbal memory scores (M = 94.89, SE = 3.07) and delayed nonverbal memory scores (M = 101.39, SE = 3.47) at Time 1 (3 month) were significantly lower than their delayed verbal memory scores (M = 101.00, SE = 3.23) and delayed nonverbal memory scores (M = 116.72, SE 2.40) at Time 2 (12 month). At Time 1 there appears to be a very small discrepancy between verbal and nonverbal memory compared to the much larger discrepancy apparent at Time 2 between verbal and nonverbal memory (See Fig. 22). |
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