Differences in iq and Memory of Monolingual/Bilingual Children who Suffered a tbi

 
 

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Hypothesis Two 
It is hypothesized that bilingual children who had a traumatic brain injury will 
have greater splits between their VIQ and PIQ’s (with PIQ being the higher value) 
compared to monolingual children who have incurred a traumatic brain injury when 
controlling for age when TBI was obtained. Analyses included a within-between subjects 
mixed design ANCOVA measuring the repeated measures for Time 1 (3 month) and 
Time 2 (12 month) with the dependent variables of VIQ and PIQ and the between 
subjects variable of monolingual/bilingual while controlling for age when TBI occurred. 
No significant main effects were found when comparing bilingual’s VIQ and PIQ 
scores at Time 1 and Time 2 to monolingual VIQ and PIQ scores at Time 1 and Time 2 
(p’s > .05) (see table 3).
Table 3.
ANCOVA of Bilingual/Monolingual IQ Scores Across Time 
Sources of 
Variation 
SS Df MS F 
P-Value 
IQ Time 1 
1.78 
1 
1.78 
0.05 
0.82 
IQ Time 2 
45.79 
1 
45.79 
0.67 
0.43 
Age 162.18 1 162.18 
0.26 0.62 
Language 
Spoken 
5.01 1 5.01 
0.01 
0.93 
However, a significant interaction was present between bilingual/monolingual and 
IQ at Time 2 (12 month) F(1, 15) = 4.83, p = 0.04, r = 0.54. This indicates that the effect 
on IQ at the 12 month evaluation was impacted by language (monolingual vs bilingual) 

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status. Monolinguals appear to have a greater difference between their VIQ (M = 89.11, 
SE = 4.09) and PIQ (M = 100.39, SE = 4.65) at their 12 month evaluation compared to 
the difference evident in bilinguals’ VIQ (M= 92.89, SE = 4.09) and PIQ (M = 95.56, SE 
= 4.65). Monolinguals appear to have significantly lower VIQ’s compared to their PIQ’s 
while bilinguals do not at Time 2 (See Fig. 17).
Figure 17. IQ of Monolingual and Bilingual children at 12 Month Evaluation 

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There was an interaction approaching significance between age of TBI acquisition 
and IQ score at Time 2 (12 month) F(1, 15) = 3.63, p = 0.08, r = 0.43. The effect is linear 
suggesting the older the individual the higher their IQ scores should be.