Differences in iq and Memory of Monolingual/Bilingual Children who Suffered a tbi

Delayed Memory 
There was a significant main effect of age on delayed memory F(1, 15) = 8.79, p 
= .01, r = 0.79 (See Table 7).
Table 7.
ANCOVA of Bilingual/Monolingual Delayed Memory Scores Across Time 
Sources of 
Variation 
SS Df MS 
F P-Value 
Delayed Memory 
Time 1 
48.55 1 
48.55 0.63 0.44 
Delayed Memory 
Time 2 
353.01 1 
353.01 1.58 0.23 
Age 2940.78 
1 2940.78 
8.79 0.01 
Language Spoken 
180.50 
1 
180.50 
0.54 
0.47 
Moreover, a significant interaction was present between delayed memory at Time 
1 (3 month evaluation) and age F(1, 15) = 5.59, p = .03, r = 0.60. In general, 
monolingual/bilinguals appear to have a significantly lower delayed verbal memory at 
Time 1 (M = 98.14, SE = 2.37) compared to their delayed nonverbal memory at Time 1 
(M = 108.86, SE = 2.41). It appears that younger children (specifically ages 5 and 6) do 
not have as many difficulties with verbal and nonverbal immediate memory at either time 
point of evaluation. However, the older the child is when the TBI occurs, the more 
difficulty they have with their delayed memory. Also, delayed verbal memory appears to 
be more significantly impacted compared to nonverbal memory at the 3 month evaluation 
(See Fig. 21).

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Figure 21. Delayed Memory Across Age at 3 Month Evaluation 
A significant interaction was also present between delayed memory at Time 1 and 
delayed memory at Time 2. This indicates that as a group monolinguals/bilinguals’ 
delayed verbal memory scores (M = 94.89, SE = 3.07) and delayed nonverbal memory 
scores (M = 101.39, SE = 3.47) at Time 1 (3 month) were significantly lower than their 
delayed verbal memory scores (M = 101.00, SE = 3.23) and delayed nonverbal memory 
scores (M = 116.72, SE 2.40) at Time 2 (12 month). At Time 1 there appears to be a very 
small discrepancy between verbal and nonverbal memory compared to the much larger 
discrepancy apparent at Time 2 between verbal and nonverbal memory (See Fig. 22).

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Figure 22. Delayed Memory Across Both Time Points.