Diffraction

Diffraction

• Diffraktsiya

Diffraction

• When light OR sound is produced by TWO sources a pattern results as a result of interference.
• Yorug'lik YOKI tovush IKKI manba tomonidan ishlab chiqarilganda, shovqin xosil bo’ladi buning natijasida interferensiya paydo bo'ladi.

Interference Patterns – Interferensiya chiziqlari

• Diffraction is normally taken to refer to various phenomena which occur when a wave encounters an obstacle. It is described as the apparent bending of waves around small obstacles and the spreading out of waves past small openings
• Diffraktsiya odatda to'lqin to'siqqa duch kelganda sodir bo'ladigan turli xil hodisalarga ishora qilish uchun qabul qilinadi. Bu kichik to'siqlar atrofida to'lqinlarning aniq egilishi va kichik teshiklardan o'tib to'lqinlarning tarqalishi sifatida tavsiflanadi.
• NOTE: We are using light to discuss diffraction; other types of waves can diffract as well (Sound, water etc). The same equations apply to ALL waves!
• QAYD: Biz diffraktsiyani muhokama qilish uchun yorug'likdan foydalanamiz; boshqa turdagi to'lqinlar ham diffraktsiya qilishi mumkin (ovoz, suv va boshqalar). Xuddi shu tenglamalar HAMMA to'lqinlarga tegishli!

Diffraction – The Central Maximum Diffraktsiya - Markaziy maksimal

• Suppose you had TWO sources each being allowed to emit a wave through a small opening or slit. Faraz qilaylik, sizda kichik teshik yoki tirqish orqali to'lqin chiqarishga ruxsat berilgan ikkita manba bor edi.
• The distance between the slits denoted by, d.
• Teshiklar orasidagi masofa d bilan belgilanadi.
• The distance from the slit spacing to the screen is denoted by the letter, L.
• Teshiklar oralig'idan ekrangacha bo'lgan masofa L harfi bilan belgilanadi.

• If two waves go through the slit and then proceed straight ahead to the screen, they both cover the SAME DISTANCE and thus will have constructive interference. Their amplitudes will build and leave a very bright intense spot on the screen. We call this the CENTRAL MAXIMUM.
• Agar ikkita to'lqin tirqishdan o'tib, so'ngra to'g'ridan-to'g'ri ekranga o'tsa, ularning ikkalasi ham bir xil masofani bosib o'tadi va shuning uchun konstruktiv interferensiyaga ega bo'ladi. Ularning amplitudalari quriladi va ekranda juda yorqin qizg'in nuqta qoldiradi. Biz buni MARKAZIY MAKSIMUM deb ataymiz.