Discourse analysis

Reference Vs. Substitution

If substitution reminds you of pronoun reference, this is probably because the two grammatical constructions are fairly similar. However, they are not the same and must not be confused. Brian Paltridge explains the distinction between reference and ellipsis-substitution in Discourse Analysis: An Introduction. "It is important to point out differences between reference and ellipsis-substitution. One difference is that reference can reach a long way back in the text whereas ellipsis and substitution are largely limited to the immediately preceding clause.
Another key difference is that with reference there is a typical meaning of co-reference. That is, both items typically refer to the same thing. With ellipsis and substitution, this is not the case. There is always some difference between the second instance and the first. If a speaker or writer wants to refer to the same thing, they use reference. If they want to refer to something different, they use ellipsis-substitution," (Paltridge 2017).

Lesson 17 Context 1

Activity 1 Work with your partner, read the following sentence and explain its meaning.
Just cup your hands together and roll close to the outlet

1. 
   Is it difficult to find what does it mean?
   
2. 
   What are the functions the words cup, roll?
   

Discuss as a whole class, and think about what co- text. After finding the whole text find the cohesive device in the text
Activity 2

!

Task 1. Look at the word and discuss within your small group what does it mean.


STEAMMM STmmmm

1. 
   What is the semantic meaning (according to the dictionary) of the word STEAM?
   
2. 
   Discuss where does this word belong to and why might it draw people’s attention?