Discourse Approach to Turn-taking
Analysis of Intonation in a Discourse-Based Framework
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2.2
Analysis of Intonation in a Discourse-Based Framework The relation between form and function of prosodic features such as stress and intonation also varies in different contexts. Contrary to the popular belief that stresses indicated in a dictionary — the citation forms — never change and they can be taken to be self-evidently justified, they do change depending on the speaker’s choice. In compound nouns, for example, the most familiar type is the combination of two nouns, and the stress is normally placed on the first word. However, both patterns of either stress on first or second word are actually found (Roach 1991). Also, in many textbooks, pitch movement is treated as a discrete item and it is always fixed in relation to the form of a sentence: wh- questions have a falling tone, while yes-no questions have a rising tone. However, the opposite case is observed in real conversation. McCarthy (1991: 109) claims that the interpretation of tone choice that seems most reliable and which seems to make most sense is to see tones as fulfilling an interactive role in the signaling of the ‘state of play’ in discourse. Roach (1991: 176) suggests two main areas to be referred to in looking into intonation in relation to discourse: (a) the listener’s focus on an important message conveyed in intonation; 5 and (b) the regulation of conversational behavior. This paper refers to David Brazil’s discourse intonation theory for the study of the relation between the form and function of intonation. He claims that intonation has meaning and it plays a crucial part in the pursuit of communicative purpose with regard to communicative value (Brazil 1992).
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