Doi: 10. 37200/ijpr/V24I5/PR2020629 Received: 14 Apr 2020
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Muhitdinova Badia Muslihiddinovna
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- 6441 Abstract
- I. I NTRODUCTION
- DOI: 10.37200/IJPR/V24I5/PR2020629 Received: 14 Apr 2020 | Revised: 22 Apr 2020 | Accepted: 12 May 2020
- II. M ATERIALS A ND M ETHODS
- III. R ESEARCH R ESULTS A ND D ISCUSSION
- Letter from Vasli Samarkandi to Mullah Salohiddin Mahdum Mutakhallus Salohi
- JavobiSalohi ba Mullah Vasli Samarkandi
- Meaning: Mullah Salohiddin Mahdum of Vasli SamarkandiLetter to Salahi
- Salahis answers to Mullo Wasli Samarkandi
- Reply to Mr. Vasli from Kulob, Mir Sarvar from Samarkand
- VaslisNematullahMuhtarami (tazkiraimuallo) Offer to Samarkand, rubai-mustazod
- The answer of the honorable to Vaslirubai-mustazadi
- 6450 IV. C ONCLUSION
International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Vol. 24, Issue 05, 2020 ISSN: 1475-7192 DOI: 10.37200/IJPR/V24I5/PR2020629 Received: 14 Apr 2020 | Revised: 22 Apr 2020 | Accepted: 12 May 2020
6441 Abstract--- In this article, the life of Sayidakhmad Vasli Samarkandi and his place in the literary environment are described in more detail from the point of view of modern literary science. Saydahmad Vasli, a teacher from Samarkand, said that he had creative relations with famous poets of his time, such as Zokirjon Furkat, Khamza Khakimzoda Niyazi, Kami Tashkandi, Mir Sarvar Urguti, Naqis Kattakurgani, Salahiddin Makhdum-Salahi. The fact that Vasli Samarkandi had close and friendly relations with the enlighteners of his time, that he created in harmony with their work, is manifested as an enlightened, inquisitive, patriotic, patriotic person. Keywords--- Literary Environment, Literary Process, Literary Criticism, Teacher, Creative and Ninety Conflicts, Attitude, Press, Letters, Devons, Enlightener, Patriot, Active Creator. I. I NTRODUCTION Independence has allowed the Uzbek people to study their history objectively and truthfully, to fully realize the heritage of their great ancestors, and on this basis to realize their identity on a large scale. In a short period of time, a lot of research has been done, and previously unknown aspects, which were not realized due to the oppression of the dictatorial Soviet ideology, have been revealed. The creative potential and power of the people, who enjoy their spiritual sources, will increase, and the spirit of creativity will increase. Therefore, the restoration of our spiritual values, self-awareness has become the main direction of our national idea, the policy of our state. During the period of independence, many aspects of the history of our literature have been studied, and literary sources that have been overlooked have been deeply analyzed and are being analyzed. In particular, remarkable work has been done in the study of Uzbek literature of the late XIX and early XX centuries, ie the literature of the Renaissance, which widely promoted the idea of enlightenment. Poets such as Abdulla Avloni, Sofizoda, Mahmoudhoja Behbudi, Fakhri Romani, Tashkhoja Asiri, Zufarkhan Javhari, Sayidakhmad Ajzi, Abdurauf Fitrat, Sayidakhmad Vasli, Ibrahim Jurat, Ochildi Miri, Shavqi, Naqis continued to write in Uzbek and Tajik. developed. The works created in both languages are in harmony with each other and glorify the ideas of enlightenment. But even then, each artist‟s unique potential: voice, worldview, and creative goals stand out. From this point of view, it is expedient to cover the life of the scientist and poet Sayidakhmad Vasli Samarkandi, whose creative heritage has not yet been seriously studied, and its place in the literary environment from the point of view of modern literary. Saydakhmad Vasli, a teacher from Samarkand, made a worthy contribution to the development of Uzbek and Persian-Tajik literature. He established creative relations with the famous poets of his time Zokirjon Furkat, Khamza Khakimzoda Niyazi, Kami Tashkendi, Mir Sarvar Urguti, Naqis Kattakurgani, Salahiddin Makhdum-Salahi, created works with them, commented on current issues of the time.
Muhitdinova Badia Muslihiddinovna, Associate Professor, Samarkand State University, Samarkand Uzbekistan. E-mail: badiamuslixiddinovna@mail.ru The Life of Saidakhmad Vasli Samarkandi and His Role in the Literary Environment in that Time Muhitdinova Badia Muslihiddinovna
International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Vol. 24, Issue 05, 2020 ISSN: 1475-7192 DOI: 10.37200/IJPR/V24I5/PR2020629 Received: 14 Apr 2020 | Revised: 22 Apr 2020 | Accepted: 12 May 2020
6442 In the twentieth century, representatives of the literary environment of Kokand, Khorezm, Bukhara also successfully continued all the traditions of Uzbek literature. This process, as a typological phenomenon, undoubtedly had an impact on the work of Vasli Samarkandi. Vasli Samarkandiy lived and worked in the complex socio-political conditions of the "transition period" for the peoples of Central Asia and left a great creative legacy that was important for his time. Vasli Samarkandi was also in close contact with the enlighteners of his time, who created works in harmony with them.
In this work meeting the demands of the theme, the comparative – historical classification methods are used. Scientific source materials form its object.
In the middle of the XIX century in the cities of ancient culture, such as Kokand, Margilan, Namangan, Andijan, Tashkent, Samarkand, Kattakurgan, there were circles of artists who interacted with each other in different compositions. In Kokand - Mukimi, Furkat, Zavki, Muhyi, Nisbati; In Tashkent - Kami, Kholis, Khislat; In Samarkand - Sayidakhmad Vasli, Sipandi, Pisandi, Ajzi, Tugral Ahrori, Mir Sarvar Urguti; In Kattakurgan, poets such as Miri, Naqis, Ahkar, Noji, Khitoi created works dedicated to the promotion of enlightenment ideas, reflected the realities of real life through life images. However, on the surface, the representatives of the literature of the period seemed to have a mostly positive attitude to the news in the country, but in fact, in the hearts of each of them there were very contradictory experiences about the new marriage. As a result, works of art were created in the country that promoted the ideas of the Enlightenment, which brought the spirit of world culture to the end of feudal strife, to awaken the people; secondly, he began to complain and suffer from the negative consequences of this powerful wave in his spiritual life, and to write works against him. This is especially evident in Wasli‟s work. Some information about the life and work of Vasli has been brought to the attention of the literary community in our literature [5;213-214-б., 8; 43-46- б]. Consequently, Sayidakhmad Vasli Samarkandi was born in 1869 in the Ko‟k Masjid (Blue Mosque) of Samarkand in the family of Usta Azim, a craftsman who made knives. Vasli, who lost his father early and began his education in Samarkand, went to Tashkent with his mother in 1883 and with the help of his uncle Abulkasim began to study at the Kokaldosh madrasah. After 1893, Vasli continued his education in Bukhara. In 1902, he graduated and began teaching at one of the Bukhara madrasas. In 1907, in the Kazan newspaper Akhbor, Abdurashid Ibragimov published the poet Vasli's views on the inadequacy of the method of teaching and learning in madrassas. After that, the poet was severely oppressed by Bukhara scholars. As a result, Vasli, who did not want to stay in Bukhara, came to his hometown of Samarkand and taught first in Shahizindah and then in Orifjonboy madrassas. During this period he was actively engaged in creative work. The poet died on October 29, 1925. The various views and activities of patriotic intellectuals who strive for the spiritual and enlightenment interests of the nation have led to the emergence of a new socio-cultural movement in society, which we have mentioned International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Vol. 24, Issue 05, 2020 ISSN: 1475-7192 DOI: 10.37200/IJPR/V24I5/PR2020629 Received: 14 Apr 2020 | Revised: 22 Apr 2020 | Accepted: 12 May 2020
6443 above. As this movement was aimed at rebuilding the socio-cultural foundations of the society, it faced strong opposition from the supporters of the old system, the old marriage, the old school. Representatives of this opposing force were called Kadim („ancient‟) or Kadimchilar („antiquated‟), while those who tried to bring the winds of new life were called jadids or jadids. Thus, at the beginning of the century, the Jadids and the Jadid movement emerged. The Jadids first appeared among the Tatars living in the Crimea and the Caucasus in the late 19th century. Ismail Gaspirali's newspaper “Tarjumon” (The Translator) became the cradle of a new movement. Ismailbey's followers in Turkestan, Mahmoudhoja Behbudi, Munavvar Kari Abdurashidkhanov, Abdulkadir Shakuri, Abdulla Avlani, Ashurali Zahiri, Fitrat and other intellectuals, helped to spread the struggle. A number of special scientific works and monographs on the literary movement of this period have been created in Uzbek literature. Uzbek literature suffered the most from political pressure in the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, when our state declared its independence and reformed the ideological aspirations and national ideology of our society. The creative heritage of the representatives of the literature of this period was studied under the auspices of ideological interests. Even the literary heritage of the poet Khamza Khakimzada Niyazi, whose work was most popularized during the Soviet era, was studied in accordance with the class ideology, the literary heritage was shortened, the poet's prayers and religious works were hidden from the reader. The works of Vasli Samarkandi, such as the famous talented poets of his time Hazini, Muhyi, Tugral, Ado, Shavkat, Dilkash, Havai, were also left out of the literary criticism of the time. In the literature of this period there was a one-sided tendency. It was the search for works and ideas from poets, writers, and writers who denounced the regime overthrown by the Soviet government, degraded its spiritual and enlightenment life, and exaggerated some of the shortcomings of that society, thereby supporting existing policies. It should be noted that this was the fate not only of Uzbek and Tajik poets, but also of all the peoples of the former Soviet Union. By the 1980s, Uzbek literature began to develop a more objective scientific approach to the issue. In particular, doctors of philological sciences, such as B. Kasimov and N. Karimov, raised the issue of the need for a deep and objective study of the heritage of progressive Uzbek intellectuals, representatives of modern literature. [11; 12; 13]. Literary scholar S. Khalimov, reflecting on the main features of the literary environment of this period, makes the following comments: “Depending on the place of Samarkand poets in the literary environment and the ideological and thematic content of their works, they can be divided into two groups. The first group includes poets such as Sayidakhmad Ajzi, Ibrahim Jurat, Taji (Tikon) and others, who carefully followed the events of life during their creative work, chose the theme and content from it and created in a corresponding style. The ideas put forward in the works of these poets make it possible to include them in the ranks of enlightened poets in literature. The second group includes poets such as Sayidakhmad Wasli, Tugral, Fikri, Pisandi, who wrote mainly in the classical style and continued the literary traditions of the past in new conditions. Although they could not go beyond the system of themes and images in classical literature by writing poems about love, which are common in classical literature, they showed some innovation in expressing the different states and inner experiences of these images. [6; 22- б].
International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Vol. 24, Issue 05, 2020 ISSN: 1475-7192 DOI: 10.37200/IJPR/V24I5/PR2020629 Received: 14 Apr 2020 | Revised: 22 Apr 2020 | Accepted: 12 May 2020
6444 While reviewing Vasli Samarkandi's Uzbek and Tajik poetry collections, S. Khalimov noted that in his lyrical poems in the optimistic spirit, Vasli not only reflected real human feelings, but also exposed the vices of the society in which he lived. he also writes that the city is in turmoil. The ideological pathos, theme and content of Sayidakhmad Vasli's devons testify to the fact that the poet wrote works in the spirit of enlightenment under the influence of social consciousness, which was widespread in the country. He, like his colleagues and like-minded friends Zokirjon Furkat, Khamza Khakimzoda Niyazi, Ibrahim Jurat, urges people to rise above the centuries-old backwardness, to be knowledgeable and enlightened.: Eykozlarimziyosi, zamondirzamoniilm, Bulgilkamolijahdingilakomroniilm [2; 43-б.]. Meaning:O light of my eyes, knowledge of time, With perfect perseverance, you will know science Like the leading intellectuals of his time, Vasli was not limited to artistic creation alone, but also turned to journalism, one of the most up-to-date and active genres of literature. It is in this area that the patriotic, nationalist, progressive qualities of the poet Vasli are vividly manifested. When we get acquainted with the contents of Vasli'sdevons in Turkish and Persian, we see that he was in close cooperation with the people of his time, wrote muhammas and nazirs in the works of contemporary and equal poets in the field of art. For example, in the divan of the poet called "Tukhfatul-akhbob" there is a large section called "Muhammasot" ("Muhammaslar"). The section opens with the title "Muhammas to the ghazals of Hazrat Mavlano Navoi" with muhammas connected with the ghazal of Alisher Navoi: Menga ne manzilumavaayan, ne hanuman payda, Ne janimdinasarzakhir, ne kunglimdinnishanpayda[2;57-б]. Meaning:I don't know the address, I don't know the lady, There is no work of my soul, no target of my heart It is noteworthy that out of 18 muhammas in this section, one is related to the ghazal of Navoi, three to the ghazal of Fuzuli and one to the ghazal of Lutfi, and the remaining thirteen muhammas are connected to the ghazals of contemporaries of the poet. To give the reader a clearer idea of this, we quote the contents of Vasli's muhammas, which he wrote in the ghazals of his contemporaries and included in the devon: 1. Muhammas to the ghazalfor the Mavlano Furkat Khoqandi (May Allah have mercy on him) 2. Muhammas to the ghazalfor the Kami Tashkandi(May Allah have mercy on him) 3. Muhammas to the ghazal of Mawlana Sabir Karminagi (May Allah have mercy on him) 4. Hislat Eshan is a muhammas for the Tashkandiy‟s ghazal (May Allah have mercy on him) 5. Muhammas to the ghazalfor theMullo Abdussafikhon, nicknamed Safi 6. Muhammas to Muqimi Khokandi's ghazal
International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Vol. 24, Issue 05, 2020 ISSN: 1475-7192 DOI: 10.37200/IJPR/V24I5/PR2020629 Received: 14 Apr 2020 | Revised: 22 Apr 2020 | Accepted: 12 May 2020
6445 7. Muhammas to the ghazalfor the Master Mirzasharif mukhdum Hami Samarkandi Koshhavzi. 8. Muhammas at the request of singer HajiAbdulazeez. 9. Muhammas to the ghazalfor the Mawlana Hazrat Sayyid Mir Homidkhan Mufti Shaiki Tashkandi 10. Muhammas to the ghazalfor Mullah Sirojiddin makhdum Shavkat Iskandari Tashkandi(May Allah have mercy on him) 11. Muhammas to the ghazal of Hazrat Eshan Kamoliddin effendi (may God have mercy on him) toNasiriddin Kasani. [2; 57-72 - b]. Poets such as Navoi, Kamal, Sayido, Nazim, Amir Khusrav and Fuzuli, representatives of Uzbek and Tajik classical literature, are also included in Vasli's Persian divan "Armugoni dastan". There are also muhammas written in the ghazals of his contemporaries Sabri, Khislat, Shaik, Shavkat, Hilmi, Fikri, Tugral, Asi, Navha. [1; 108-122- б].
From this information it is clear that Vasli was one of the active participants in the literary process of his time, carefully observing the works of famous poets of his time, linking muhammas and musaddas to his favorite ghazals in his poetry. There is also a hint in the devon that the poets were in close contact with the artists of their time.That is, Wasli writes that he wrote a muhammas at the request of the famous hafiz and musician Haji Abdulazeez.It can also be concluded that this muhammas of Vasli was popular as a song in his time. Khalimov S. in his book on the Uzbek-Tajik literary relations of that period, Vasli played an important role in the formation of his work and gave the poet the following conclusions, including reflections on contemporary artists:“Uzbek and Tajik enlightenment,in particular, the works of Muqimi and Furkat, have a great influence on the formation of Sayidakhmad Vasli's work. There is also information in the scientific literature that Vasli knew Muqimi personally and talked to him“[6; 35-36- б]. In the course of his reflections, the scholar substantiates with evidence how Vasli followed the creative traditions of Muqimi and Furkat, received spiritual nourishment, and created works in harmony with their work. Another feature of the literary life and traditions of the period is that in the ancient cities of Central Asia, such as Kokand, Tashkent, Samarkand and Kattakurgan, there are no literary centers such as Khiva and Bukhara khanates. having distinctive methodological directions. The period of the national awakening encouraged them to think under the banner of a common enlightenment idea. But these artists shaped their creative activities in a style close to the psyche of the people of their geographical areas. For example, in the works of poets such as Kami, Kholis, Khislat, representatives of the literary environment of Tashkent, along with the religious and philosophical worldview, one can feel a strong spirit of propaganda for the cultural and enlightenment changes taking place in our time. In the legacy of these artists can be found works of social pathos, such as complaining about the people of the time and contemporaries, suffering severely from their own helplessness. Among them are the great poets Achildimurad Miri and Abdulkadir Naqis. In their works, the protest against the times through the traditional lyrical image, the tones of the struggle for the free breathing of the individual find expression in the poems of a more social spirit. Religious and mystical ideas play a leading role in the works of Ajzi and Sipandi, especially Vasli from Samarkand. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Vol. 24, Issue 05, 2020 ISSN: 1475-7192 DOI: 10.37200/IJPR/V24I5/PR2020629 Received: 14 Apr 2020 | Revised: 22 Apr 2020 | Accepted: 12 May 2020
6446 It was revealed that Vasli had a close friendship with the judge of Kattakurgan, Salahiddin Makhdum-Salahi, who created in the same religious and mystical spirit. There is a Persian-Tajik letter from Vasli Samarkandi to Salahi Kattakurgani and a reply letter from Salahi to him. The full content of this letter is given below: Letter from Vasli Samarkandi to Mullah Salohiddin Mahdum Mutakhallus Salohi Salomam, O Saba, for Kattakurgan az dilu jon bar, Tavoni in dilu joni maro dar Kattakurgan bar ... ... Falak nav davlate johu jalalat ba isjon bar. Zi Vasly az samimi dil duohoi farovon bar. Duohoe, kidarvaqti duo dil ob megardad, Bixohi qatra-qatrahoi chashmi giryon bar. JavobiSalohi ba Mullah Vasli Samarkandi Sabo az mo salome bar hakimi shahri adyon bar, Ki ya’nidar, Samarkand ba Vaslii Sukhandon ... ... Ba da'vate tariki iddaoyash dar ahodis ast, Baromi muddai kayhay bar dargohi haramon bar. Mabodat kaj, hiromi doshiy ... Duohoi answer soy'i o aftonu xezon bar. 1 . Meaning: Mullah Salohiddin Mahdum of Vasli SamarkandiLetter to Salahi:Send my greetings, O Saba, to Kattakurgan with all your heart, and convey my heart and soul to Kattakurgan. There is a saint there who is the leader of the enlightened, who conveys this hopeless despair to those who are not enlightened like him. Show him the love of sincerity and friendship from me, and convey the rotating state, career, wealth as well. His subtle conversations convey to fine, clever, knowledge, the symbol of, bakhor, khurram sarv, shamshad, gulistan. His disciples are also in the place where I fainted after drinking wine, and convey my greetings to the Companions of Muhammadijakhon (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). There are very few in the world like him at this time, two or three letters from me that he finds and speaks, to the wise. Tell me, I was offended, God saved me, convey the mercy of God from the one who is unhappy. From the mouth of this man free from pain, deliver the message of Joseph the Egyptian to the old man in Canaan. Every evening and every morning I bless that blessed teacher, convey sincere and many prayers from Vasli. These are prayers that when you pray, your heart will be watery, and if you want, you can shed tears. Salahi's answers to Mullo Wasli Samarkandi:O Saba, convey our greetings to the ruling of Vasli Sukhandon in Samarkand, the city of religion. He remembers us day and night, reminding us that we fans will remember him a lot too. I have heard that he has been relieved of pain and suffering, and that grief and sorrow have been relieved of shortcomings. During this period, there are calls and claims, which should be conveyed to the listener. Deliver the prayers that will be answered, insha'Allah, to the saint of enlightenment.
1 Devoni Salohiy. Manuscript. This manuscript is kept by Behzod Zokirov, the grandson of the Devonian poet Salohi. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Vol. 24, Issue 05, 2020 ISSN: 1475-7192 DOI: 10.37200/IJPR/V24I5/PR2020629 Received: 14 Apr 2020 | Revised: 22 Apr 2020 | Accepted: 12 May 2020
6447 Another such letter appears in a 1913 issue of Mirror (Oyna), one of the most popular periodicals of the period, giving information about Vasli's collaborations in a wide literary field of his time. The letter was a reply to Saidakhmad Vasli written by the poet Mir Sarvar Samarkandi Urguti. The address of the letter reads: "Response to Mr. Vasli from Kulob, Bukhara ...". It is known that Vasli studied in Bukhara madrassas for 9 years, from 1893 to 1902. After that, he started teaching in one of these madrassas. After 1907 he returned to Samarkand. Thus, the correspondence of Vasli Samarkandi with Mir Sarvar Urguti, which we are referring to, took place between 1893 and 1907. It should be noted that poetic greetings became a separate genre in Uzbek literature in the second half of the XIX century, and examples of it in prose and poetry were created. Specific examples of epistolary literature were created in the works of Khorezmi and his contemporaries, as well as in some epic works (such as "Farhod and Shirin", "Layli and Majnun"). In Babur's devon, there are letters and masnavis addressed to the saba. However, the images in these greetings are imaginary-romantic, and greeting poems addressed to specific people, people close to the authors, can be found in the works of the Khorezmian poet Roqim and the Turkmen classic Makhtumkuli, who lived in the XVIII century.Reflecting on this, Professor R. Orzibekov writes: “Over time, poets and writers expanded the possibilities of the genre of letters, in which they began to express the images, dreams and aspirations of real people. In the samples of this genre, the features of vitality and hasbi have become stronger. That is why this period provides a rich material for revealing the environment, destiny and their relations with their contemporaries. Since they belong to the pen of masters of artistic expression, they should be considered and studied as an integral part of their work.”[7; 126- б]. In this context, too, we have found it necessary to cite the full texts of the poetic letters written by the poet Vasli and addressed to him. The following is a letter from the poet Mir Sarvar Urguti on Vasli's description: Reply to Mr. Vasli from Kulob, Mir Sarvar from Samarkand Nuqudi maxzani jonam fidoi yak sukhanat, Fido kunam hama olam baroi yak sukhanat. Chi son bayan bikunam az balandii tab'at, Rasid ba vayi mani hamoni yak sukhanat ... ... Saodat, sari an ahli ma'ni, ki rasid, AzfazliEzidi harkibapoyi yak suhanat[3; 96- б] Meaning:May all the riches in the treasury of my soul (my lady) be sacrificed for your one sweet sukha. I entrust all the worlds to the path of your one kind word. That one word of yours has reached the peak of meanings. So how can I describe your delicate nature. One sweet word you said for me will always sprinkle drops of hope on the flower of my heart. Every sukha is like a chemist. When it touches the listener's heart like copper, it turns it (copper) into gold. My heart was always full of rust. It was destroyed by the polish that came from its sweet sweetness. If the head of the people of meaning with the grace of the Almighty touches the foot of your sukha, he will attain great bliss.
International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Vol. 24, Issue 05, 2020 ISSN: 1475-7192 DOI: 10.37200/IJPR/V24I5/PR2020629 Received: 14 Apr 2020 | Revised: 22 Apr 2020 | Accepted: 12 May 2020
6448 Tajalli Kashgari also wrote a letter in Persian-Tajik about Vasli Samarkandi: Tajalli Kashgari about Vasliy: Quyidagiso'zlar, Fahrilavhasibodonomad. Bu kimbaronao'zigaxosravshanligi, Sad Tajalliyashmehmonxongaomad. OsmonastbаVorashbamasal, Fikrioqyorresmonomad. Ki mi yumnisanouqurbiamir, Amirikitoblaromad. Meaning:Vasli achieved such a career in eloquence that day that even a sheet of paper from his speech felt a sense of pride. His radiant nature is on the table, and today those like faceTajalli are also guests. His memory is like a sky, and the memory of others is as thin and humble as a thread before him. His statement is the best of all.
Your conversation gives me peace. Do not despair my heart of the grace of your pleasant conversation! I always pray, "May God make you unique in grace."
orchards! I want to make my way to you without any hesitation. Then when you see me too, I want you to invite me with beautiful grace. Thus, Vasli Samarkandi not only got acquainted with the famous poets and scientists of his time, prominent intellectuals and enlighteners, but also wrote letters to them through the periodicals, actively participated in the literary process of the period, actively participated in the presentation of devons and other works. reached This directly led Vasli Samarkandi to become a well-known poet, scientist, thinker and representative of his time. He is also said to have had a close friendship with Khamza Khakimzoda Niyazi, an enlightened poet of the National Awakening. Here is another literary-critical article about Vasli, written by Ghafur Ghulam, a young contemporary of
International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Vol. 24, Issue 05, 2020 ISSN: 1475-7192 DOI: 10.37200/IJPR/V24I5/PR2020629 Received: 14 Apr 2020 | Revised: 22 Apr 2020 | Accepted: 12 May 2020
6449 the poet, during the years of Soviet rule, when the thinkers of Vasli Samarkand were persecuted. The article also contains some information about Vasli‟s relationship with the literary environment of his time. Ghafur GhulamVasli, a great scholar of Oriental poetry, was well acquainted with the life and work of a well- known scholar, poet, and teacher of his time, such as Vasli Samarkandi. But the period in which the poet lived was probably influenced by the ideology of the Soviet regime, limited to a brief account of Vasli‟s work. Ghafur Ghulam's perfect collection of works contains an article from the XI volume of the XII volume entitled "Sayyid Akhmad usta Sayidazimboy ogli Vasliy" [9; 36-38 б]. This small article gives a brief account of the life and work of the poet Vasli. Nevertheless, this article provides valuable information about the Samarkand poet and teacher. Ghafur Ghulamis well aware of the biography of Vasli, and in his article the poet gives a clear idea of his family life and domestic life, his teachers and madrasas where he studied, and his progressive journalistic activities. Ghafur Ghulamwrites, "Vasli was one of the most progressive mullahs of his time." He points out that Vasli was "one of the first to write textbooks for Jadid schools in the way he began to open in 1903" and that "... he was the reason for the opening of one or two of these schools." Ghafur Ghulamdraws attention to the fact that Ghafur GhulamVasli participated in the contemporary periodicals as a poet and journalist in the newspapers and magazines "Sadoi Turkiston", "Oyna", "Sadoi Fergana" and published controversial articles. As we read the article carefully, a bright side of Ghafur Ghulam‟s patriotism comes to mind. The poet also gives a "tongue-in-cheek" opinion about the author in order to confuse the eyes of the atheists, who are the rulers of the political power of his time, before listing all his compatriots' works devoted to the propagation of Islamic law and Sharia, sectarian issues and mystical philosophy, famous religious scholars. That is: “Although Vasli was a personally progressive and jadid man, his poetry did not go far beyond the ghazals of old feudal literature. What he has just written is one of the primitive forms of modern literature, such as promoting school, avoiding it, and so on. ” It is clear that these thoughts are an excuse to say an insincere, basic sentence. If not, Ghafur Ghulam, who had a deep understanding of the wisdom of true science, followed these thoughts in the article: “He (Vasliy - B.M.) knew Uzbek, Tajik, and Arabic perfectly. He wrote a lot of works in all three languages. ” Because Ghafur Ghulam, who gave much detailed information about Vasli's published and unpublished works, knew the content of these works very well and read them. The poet said, “Vasli loved to publish his books. That is why he was often seen around Ghulam Hasan's printing house, ”he wrote, pointing out that Wasli's works were popular in his time and that he had read them himself. The article about Vasli Samarkandi is one of such indirect researches of the poet. This article, written with great care, extraordinary pride and courage, is the second volume of the poet's two volumes "Literary-critical articles"(Adabiytanqidiymaqolalar) [10; 37-39] was first published. The poet, not afraid of the deadly prohibitions of the political authorities of his society, knowing the attitude of the ruling ideology to all religions in general, spoke the truth about the great representative of science in his homeland and propagated it in his own way. It is noteworthy that Ghafur Ghulamand Samarkand literary critic S. Khalimov gave objective information about Vasli Samarkandi during the soviet period.
International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Vol. 24, Issue 05, 2020 ISSN: 1475-7192 DOI: 10.37200/IJPR/V24I5/PR2020629 Received: 14 Apr 2020 | Revised: 22 Apr 2020 | Accepted: 12 May 2020
6450 IV. C ONCLUSION Thus, Sayidakhmad Vasli Samarkandi was known in his time as a comprehensive, talented writer, whose works were widely disseminated through the periodicals and various publications, manuscripts. Although he was mainly engaged in teaching, he was an active creative person. He organized trips to Tashkent, Kokand, Bukhara, Kattakurgan, met with free-thinking intellectuals and poets and established friendly relations. As a result, on the one hand, Vasli himself enjoyed this trip and dialogue, and on the other hand, it led to the formation of positive opinions about Vasli by progressive artists and the public. It should also be noted that Vasli not only had a warm relationship with personally acquainted artists and sent letters, but also witnessed his unseen friendship with some authors by reading his books, poems or articles, even if he did not know them. The muhammas attached to the ghazals of his contemporaries testify to this. These muhammas are a good example of creative collaboration, empathy, like-mindedness. The greeting (or letter) poems quoted by Vasli, the greetings sent in response to him, can be called a peculiar literary letter genre formed in the new period. After all, these letters reflected both hymns and inspiring ideas, as well as feelings of cooperation. The attitude of the representatives of the literary environment of his time to Vasli's work was not the same. The works written by Vasli in the periodicals were the subject of controversy. This thing shows the poet in front of our eyes as an inquisitive, passionate, nationalist, patriotic person. R EFERENCES [1] Vasliy Samarkandiy. (1909) The gift is friendly. Samarkand: Demurov printing house, 210 p. [2] Vasliy Samarkandiy. (1903) Tuhfatul-ahbob. Tashkent: Portsev Printing house, 132 p. [3] Vasliy Samarkandiy. (1913) Reply to Mr. Vasli from Kulob, Mir Sarvar from Samarkand. Mirror. Daily newspaper, №4. B.96. (in tajik) [4] Work: (in hijri1380) Ash'ori Sharifjon Mahdum Sadri Ziya. Added by Muhammadjan Shakuri Bukhara. Tehran: Surush, 272-273 p.(in persian) [5] Halimov S. (1965) From the history of Uzbek and Tajik literature in Samarkand in the second half of the XIX century and the beginning of the XX century. Samarkand. Dissertation thesis, 321 p. [6] Khalimov S. (1978) Uzbek and Tajik literary relations in the second half of the XIX century and the beginning of the XX century. Samarkand, 79 p. [7] Orzibekov R. (2003) History of Uzbek literature (period of national rising). Samarkand: SamSU, 238 p. [8] Kasimov B., Yusupov Sh., Dolimov U., Rizaev Sh., Ahmedov S. (2004) Uzbek literature of the national revival period. Tashkent: Manaviyat, 462 p. [9] Ghafur Ghulam. (1989) A perfect collection of works. Tashkent: Fan Publishing, vol.11.196 p. [10] Ghafur Ghulam. (1979) Literary critical articles. Volume II. - Tashkent: Fan Publishing, - 229 p. [11] Kasimov B., Dolimov U. (1990) Enlightenment. Tashkent: O`qituvchi Publishing, 176 p. [12] Kasimov B. (1994) Devotees of independence. Colleagues. Tashkent: Sharq Publishing, 156 p. [13] Karimov N. (1990) What is Jadidism? What is the current of Jadidism? (Roundtable). Tashkent: Art Publishing, vol.12. 5-10. Download 282.08 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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