Drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment

Section 6: Starting antiretroviral therapy in patients on second-
line antituberculosis regimens
• 
No gaps identified
Section 7. Surgery for patients on MDR-TB treatment
Further research is needed in the following
areas:
• 
the role of surgery – that is, decisions about when to operate, and the type of surgical intervention, 
and drug-resistance patterns; and
• 
improved collection, reporting and standardization of data on surgery, including long-term survival 
post-surgery.
Section 8. Care and support for patients with MDR-TB
Further research is needed in the following
areas:
• 
patient support and treatment supervision interventions that are best suited to particular
populations;
• 
patient support interventions that are most effective in low- and middle-income
countries;
• 
analysis of the cost–effectiveness of different types of
incentives;
• 
research into the effectiveness of VOT in low- and middle-income countries, given that the available 
data are from high-income
countries;
• 
which types of psychological support are most
appropriate;
• 
evaluation of the risk of TB transmission in different settings (i.e. which poses a higher risk of 
transmission, treatment centred on hospital care or on outpatient
clinics?);
• 
additional cost–effectiveness studies of decentralized versus centralized care; and
• 
systematic collection and publication of data on decentralized care – many programmes provide 
decentralized care, but few have published the
data.

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References
76
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