Economic Growth Second Edition
Results without Commitment under Log Utility
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BarroSalaIMartin2004Chap1-2
2.7.2
Results without Commitment under Log Utility The first-order condition in equation (2.53) will not generally hold without commitment, because it is infeasible for the household to carry out the perturbations that underlie the con- dition. Specifically, the household cannot commit to lowering c (τ) at time τ and increasing c (t) at some future date, while holding fixed consumption at all other dates. Instead, the household has to figure out how its setting of c (τ) at time τ will alter its stock of assets and how this change in assets will influence the choices of consumption at later dates. The full solution without commitment is worked out first for log utility, where θ = 1. The steady-state results for general θ are discussed in a later section. Transitional results for general θ are more complicated, but some results are sketched later. Think of choosing c (t) at time τ as the constant flow c(τ) over the short discrete interval [ τ, τ + ]. The length of the interval, , will eventually approach zero and thereby generate results for continuous time. The full integral of utility flows from equation (2.52) can be broken up into two pieces: U (τ) = τ+ τ log[c (t)] · e −[ρ·(t−τ)+φ(t−τ)] dt + ∞ τ+ε log[c (t)] · e −[ρ·(t−τ)+φ(t−τ)] dt ≈ · log[c(τ)] + ∞ τ+ log[c (t)] · e −[ρ·(t−τ)+φ(t−τ)] dt (2.54) where the approximation comes from taking e −[ρ·(t−τ)+φ(t−τ)] as equal to unity over the interval [ τ, τ + ]. This approximation will become exact in the equilibrium as tends to zero. Note that log utility has been assumed. 33 The consumer can pick c (τ) and thereby the choice of saving at time τ. This selection influences c (t) for t ≥ τ + by affecting the stock of assets, k(τ + ), available at time 33. Pollak (1968, section 2) works out results under log utility with a finite horizon and a zero interest rate. Growth Models with Consumer Optimization 125 τ + . (Solely for convenience, we already assume the equality between per capita assets, a[t], and the per capita capital stock, k[t].) To determine the optimal c (τ), the household has to know, first, the relation between c (τ) and k(τ + ) and, second, the relation between k (τ + ) and the choices of c(t) for t ≥ τ + . The first part of the problem is straightforward. The household’s budget constraint is ˙k(t) = r(t) · k(t) + w(t) − c(t) (2.55) For a given starting stock of assets, k (τ), the stock at time τ + is determined by k (τ + ) ≈ k(τ) · [1 + · r(τ)] + · w(τ) − · c(τ) (2.56) The approximation comes from neglecting compounding over the interval (τ, τ + )—that is, from ignoring terms of the order of 2 —and from treating the variables r Download 0.79 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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