2.9 Fiscal policy in the Ramsey model (based on Barro, 1974, and McCallum, 1984).
Consider the standard Ramsey model with infinite-horizon households, preferences given by
equations (2.1) and (2.10), population growth at rate n, a neoclassical production function,
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Chapter 2
and technological progress at rate x. The government now purchases goods and services
in the quantity G, imposes lump-sum taxes in the amount T , and has outstanding the
quantity B of government bonds. The quantities G, T , and B—which can vary over time—
are all measured in units of goods, and B starts at a given value, B
(0). Bonds are of
infinitesimal maturity, pay the interest rate r , and are viewed by individual households as
perfect substitutes for claims on capital or internal loans. (Assume that the government
never defaults on its debts.) The government may provide public services that relate to the
path of G, but the path of G is held fixed in this problem.
a. What is the government’s budget constraint?
b. What is the representative household’s budget constraint?
c. Does the household still adhere to the first-order optimization condition for the growth
rate of c, as described in equation (2.9)?
d. What is the transversality condition and how does it relate to the behavior of B in the
long run? What does this condition mean?
e. How do differences in B
(0) or in the path of B and T affect the transitional dynamics
and steady-state values of the variables c, k, y, and r ? (If there are no effects, the model
exhibits Ricardian equivalence.)
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