2.7 Alternative institutional environments.
We worked out the Ramsey model in detail
for an environment of competitive households and firms.
a. Show that the results are the same if households carry out the production directly and
use family members as workers.
b. Assume that a social planner’s preferences are the same as those of the representative
household in the model that we worked out. Show that if the planner can dictate the choices
of consumption over time, the results are the same as those in the model with competi-
tive households and firms. What does this result imply about the Pareto optimality of the
decentralized outcomes?
2.8 Money and inflation in the Ramsey model (based on Sidrauski, 1967; Brock, 1975;
and Fischer, 1979).
Assume that the government issues fiat money. The stock of money,
M, is denoted in dollars and grows at the rate
µ, which may vary over time. New money
arrives as lump-sum transfers to households. Households may now hold assets in the form of
claims on capital, money, and internal loans. Household utility is still given by equation (2.1),
except that u
(c) is replaced by u(c, m), where m ≡ M/P L is real cash balances per person
and P is the price level (dollars per unit of goods). The partial derivatives of the utility
function are u
c
> 0 and u
m
> 0. The inflation rate is denoted by π ≡ ˙P/P. Population
grows at the rate n. The production side of the economy is the same as in the standard
Ramsey model, with no technological progress.
a. What is the representative household’s budget constraint?
b. What are the first-order conditions associated with the choices of c and m?
c. Suppose that
µ is constant in the long run and that m is constant in the steady state. How
does a change in the long-run value of
µ affect the steady-state values of c, k, and y? How
does this change affect the steady-state values of
π and m? How does it affect the attained
utility, u
(c, m), in the steady state? What long-run value of µ would be optimally chosen
in this model?
d. Assume now that u
(c, m) is a separable function of c and m. In this case, how does the
path of
µ affect the transition path of c, k, and y?
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