Economic Growth Second Edition
Growth Models with Consumer Optimization
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BarroSalaIMartin2004Chap1-2
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Growth Models with Consumer Optimization (the Ramsey Model) 85 2.1 Households 86 2.1.1 Setup of the Model 86 2.1.2 First-Order Conditions 89 2.2 Firms 94 2.3 Equilibrium 97 2.4 Alternative Environments 98 2.5 The Steady State 99 2.6 Transitional Dynamics 102 2.6.1 The Phase Diagram 102 2.6.2 The Importance of the Transversality Condition 104 2.6.3 The Shape of the Stable Arm 105 2.6.4 Behavior of the Saving Rate 106 2.6.5 The Paths of the Capital Stock and Output 110 2.6.6 Speeds of Convergence 111 2.6.7 Household Heterogeneity 118 2.7 Nonconstant Time-Preference Rates 121 2.7.1 Results under Commitment 123 2.7.2 Results without Commitment under Log Utility 124 2.7.3 Population Growth and Technological Progress 129 2.7.4 Results under Isoelastic Utility 130 2.7.5 The Degree of Commitment 132 2.8 Appendix 2A: Log-Linearization of the Ramsey Model 132 2.9 Appendix 2B: Irreversible Investment 134 Contents vii 2.10 Appendix 2C: Behavior of the Saving Rate 135 2.11 Appendix 2D: Proof That γ ˆ κ Declines Monotonically If the Economy Starts from ˆk (0) < ˆk ∗ 137 2.12 Problems 139 3 Extensions of the Ramsey Growth Model 143 3.1 Government 143 3.1.1 Modifications of the Ramsey Framework 143 3.1.2 Effects of Tax Rates 146 3.1.3 Effects of Government Purchases 147 3.2 Adjustment Costs for Investment 152 3.2.1 The Behavior of Firms 152 3.2.2 Equilibrium with a Given Interest Rate 155 3.2.3 Equilibrium for a Closed Economy with a Fixed Saving Rate 159 3.3 An Open-Economy Ramsey Model 161 3.3.1 Setup of the Model 161 3.3.2 Behavior of a Small Economy’s Capital Stock and Output 162 3.3.3 Behavior of a Small Economy’s Consumption and Assets 163 3.3.4 The World Equilibrium 164 3.4 The World Economy with a Constraint on International Credit 165 3.4.1 Setup of a Model with Physical and Human Capital 166 3.4.2 The Closed Economy 167 3.4.3 The Open Economy 168 3.5 Variations in Preference Parameters 177 3.6 Economic Growth in a Model with Finite Horizons 179 3.6.1 Choices in a Model with Finite Horizons 179 3.6.2 The Finite-Horizon Model of a Closed Economy 183 3.6.3 The Finite-Horizon Model of an Open Economy 186 3.7 Some Conclusions 189 3.8 Appendix: Overlapping-Generations Models 190 3.8.1 Households 190 3.8.2 Firms 192 3.8.3 Equilibrium 193 3.9 Problems 200 |
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