- MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND
- SECONDARY SPECIAL EDUCATION
- OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
- Ferghana state university
- Theme: Economic Integration
- Done: Shukurova Rozikhan
- group № 363A
- Ferghana – 2017
Economic Integration - 1. Three levels of economic integration
- The econ integration has been a predominant feature of the contemporary global economy. The econ integration brings together countries based on collaboration, flexibility, risk and cost, shared interest and objectives. The econ integration has led to a relocation of resources across sectors and space.
- Global: trade liberalization by GATT or WTO
- The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was first signed in 1947. This agreement was designed to provide an international forum that encouraged free trade between member states by regulating and reducing tariffs on traded goods and by providing a common mechanism for resolving trade disputes.
- The World Trade Organization (WTO) came into being in 1995. It is the successor to the GATT. Now it is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. At its heart are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world’s trading nations and ratified in their parliaments. The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business.
- Location-Geneva, Switzerland
- Members—153 countries
- Regional: preferential treatment of member countries in the group
- Bilateral: preferential treatment between two countries
- 2. Four types of economic integration
- Groups or countries are coming together all over the world with the idea of defending themselves economically against the incursions of other blocks in the area.
- a) FTA (free trade area)—free and open trade among members
- no internal tariffs among members, but each country imposes its own external tariffs to the third country.
- NAFTA (North America Free Trade Agreement)
- 1994; free trade area among the US, Canada and Mexico.
- AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area)
- Signed in 1992 Singapore; originally 6 countries
- EFTA (European Free Trade Area)
- 1960, Austria, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Portugal, Switzerland and UK
- b) Customs union
- no internal tariffs and common external tariffs
- Mercosur (Southern Common Market)
- CACM (Central American Common Market)
- 1960, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua
- CARICOM (Caribbean Community and Common Market)
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