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First aid for burns
Fires are, of course, very dangerous for children; most household
accidents are caused by fire.
The child may be burnt as a result of exposure to flames or heat
of the fire, or because of hot liquids or metal falling on him, or it
may be a chemical burn or the result of an electric shock.
Burns are divided into different categories:
1. First degree: red and painful
2. Second degree: red, with blisters and pain
3. Third degree: stiff and white/brown
4. Fourth degree: black; charred with eschar (slough or piece of
dead tissue that is cast off from the surface of the skin)
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First Aid for first and second degree burns
• Cool the burn with cool (not cold) water as soon as
possible; hold the affected area until the tap or immerse
in cool water. Continue for 10 to 15 minutes or until pain
subsides.
• Wrap the affected part loosely with a sterile gauze
bandage or clean cloth -­‐ do not use fluffy cotton or other
material that may get lint in the wound.
• If the burn affects the face or eyes, or covers a large area,
seek medical help.
• Do not burst or tamper with any blisters, because they
protect the skin from infection.
First Aid for third and fourth degree burns
• Call an ambulance immediately
• Do not remove burned clothing. Do make sure the victim
is no longer in contact with smouldering materials or
exposed to smoke or heat.
• Do not immerse large severe burns in cold water. Doing
so could cause a drop in body temperature (hypothermia)
and make the casualty go into shock.
• Check for signs of circulation (breathing, coughing or
movement). If there is no breathing or other sign of
circulation, begin CPR.
• Elevate the burned body part or parts. Raise above heart
level, when possible.
• Cover the area of the burn. Use a cool, damp, sterile
bandage; clean, damp cloth; or damp towels.
Chemical burns
• Remove the child’s clothing
• Clean the affected area by gently washing it with cool
water
• Wrap the area loosely with sterile gauze or clean cloth