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Maria Montessori thinks:
1. The child is a human being who is an explorer from the time he
is born. He always wants to find out about the relationship
between himself and others and the relationship of things with
one another. Kindergartens should provide everything that is
needed to fulfil the child’s exploratory desires. Montessori also
thinks that the child goes through a number of changes in the
first years of life, but they differ in pace from one child to
another, according to individual differences. Each of these
changes has its own distinct requirements that differ from others.
These changes can be categorized according to the stages of the
child’s growth.
From birth to the age of three years the child:
• Acquires experience through his physical faculties
• Takes in information
From the age of one and a half years to three years:
• This is the age of linguistic development
From the age of two to four years the child:
• Starts to improve his control of physical movements
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• Begins to understand order and sequence in time and
space
From the age of two and a half years to six years the child:
• Begins to improve his sensory perception
From the age of three and a half years to four and a half years:
• This is the age of preparing to learn how to write
From the age of four years to four and a half years:
• Refining the sense of touch
From the age of four and a half years to five and a half years:
• This is the age of preparing to learn how to read
2. Preparing an environment in the kindergarten that contains an
abundance of educational tools with which the children can work
until they are able to express their needs and wishes, and which
will give them sound help in their intellectual, psychological and
physical development.
Kindergarten is a planned educational stage that is no less
important than any other educational stages. It is a distinct
educational stage with its own character, educational philosophy
and specific educational, psychological and behavioral aims. The
aims of kindergarten focus on respecting the individual
uniqueness of each child and stimulating independent, innovative
thinking and encouraging the children to change without fear; it
takes care of the children physically and helps them to get used
to sound, healthy habits; it helps them to live, work and play with
others; it teaches them to appreciate music, beauty and nature;
and it trains them to sacrifice some of their own desires for the
good of all.