Edition 2020 Ninth edition
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a6048c931cdc93 TEGOVA EVS 2020 digital
to integrate ESG factors into evolving research and analysis". Its Property Working
Group aims to drive best practice in innovation and regulation to these ends with such work as the Sustainable Real Estate Investment Framework. Recognising the constraint of a tenant's legal possession, it sees the role of the property investor (and so the owner) as particularly critical for construction, refurbishment, man- agement of common space and the opportunities given by lease termination. At each point, that direct investment provides more control over sustainability issues than an investment in equities (including REITs) can have with a financial stake. The responsible property investor should engage with its tenants to manage the environmental and social impact of a property, albeit that few historic leases have many clauses relevant to sustainability issues. European Valuation Standards 2020 III. Valuation and Sustainability 205 3.15. When considering investment, properties might be screened for: • The location — sustainability grounds might point to those with better public transport or on brownfield sites (though these can have higher biodiversity than greenfield ones); • Physical characteristics — do the buildings meet environment standards such as the Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Methodology (BREEAM), Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), the Com- prehensive Assessment System for Built Environment Efficiency (CASBEE), the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nachhaltiges Bauen (DGNB), the Haute Qualité Environnementale (HQETM), the Sustainable Building Tool (SBTool) and Green Star (see also 4.2 below) . The effect of such standards can be to channel inves- tors' choices, potentially constraining portfolio diversification and, by focusing demand on such properties, affecting their prices and so their returns; • Tenants — perhaps by their business activity. The data to support such screening is often limited and partial, in some markets there may be almost no relevant data. 3.16. An alternative approach is to seek out properties that are best in their class. However, this will also rely on recognised certification and rating systems, such as BREEAM or EPCs. While this may help identify properties whose value is better protected for the future, it will tend to be available only for new properties and in the case of EPCs, for existing buildings being sold or rented out. For an EPC, that may also depend heavily on the assessment methodology used which may not ac- curately report the status of property types for which it was not designed. 3.17. Environmental Management Systems (EMS) offer tools for businesses to consider sustainability issues by seeking continuous improvement on the basis of the four stages of planning: • What is to be done; • Do it; • Check that it was done; and • Act to make improvements; throughout considering the impact on the environment and the activity that causes that change. It may assist businesses in looking at cost savings, managing legal, financial and reputational risks (including the identification of prospective legal requirements), marketing opportunities and the expectations of stakehold- ers. It can start from reviewing the current position (as a baseline) which may show 206 III. Valuation and Sustainability European Valuation Standards 2020 that much has already been done without having thought of it as "environmental" and then developing an environmental policy to drive the future process. 3.18. ISO 14001 sets standards for these by which businesses can then be audited. These cover five aspects or stages: • Environmental policy; • Planning of action; • Implementation and operation of project; • Checking and corrective action; • Management review. 3.19. The Eco Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS), developed by the European Com- mission for companies and other organisations to evaluate, report, and improve their environmental performance, offers a European standard that is voluntary but once adopted is subject to mandatory auditing (unlike ISO 14001). As some of its requirements are supported by legislation (EU Regulation 1221/2009 as amended by 2017/1505), it may be more demanding than ISO 14001 to which it is essential- ly similar. A business is to identify its direct and indirect environmental impacts and assess their significance. Internal audits must cover the management of the issue, performance in doing so and compliance and there is an external audit on a three year cycle. 3.20. Life cycle costs — There is increasing discussion of judging the sustainability of a property across its whole life cycle together with its associated externalities. Concern over greenhouse gas emissions often points to making the best of exist- ing buildings in preference to demolition and replacement. 3.21. Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) calculates the present value of all costs for the whole remaining life of a building, including construction, operation, maintenance and end-of-life costs. Such approaches may not yet capture all the externalities than can be involved. Some European countries have national standards and guidelines for carrying out LCCA while the international standard is ISO 15686-5 Buildings and constructed assets — Service life planning — Part V: Maintenance and life cycle costing set the frame. However, ISO 15686-5, does not prescribe a common format for this analysis, allowing different approaches in practice. 3.22. A move to life cycle assessment may move the balance towards property renova- tion from building anew, given the embedded costs of construction even with ultra low carbon concrete and steel. European Valuation Standards 2020 III. Valuation and Sustainability 207 Download 1.74 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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