EDUC 677 / Caplan
Module 3 Video 2: Clause Combination (Handout)
Types of clauses
Independent
Dependent
Adverb clauses
Adjective (relative) clauses
Noun clauses
Non-finite clauses
Equal clauses make compound clauses
Unequal clauses make complex sentences
Functions of clause connectors
Elaborate
Most libraries give you a card, which allows you to borrow books and movies.
Lake Michigan is a fresh-water lake; in fact it provides the water supply for the city of Chicago.
Extend
Lions are social animals, and they live in prides.
Classical musicians learn to follow the music, whereas jazz musicians are trained to improvise.
Enhance
Condition: If it rains, I’ll take the bus.
Concession: You have the right to speak, although you shouldn’t use it.
Reason: I already ate, so I’m not hungry.
Review of connectors
Coordinating Conjunctions
(form equal clauses)
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Subordinating Conjunctions
(form unequal clauses)
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Conjunctive Adverbs
(modify other clauses)
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For
And
Nor
But (FANBOYS)
Or
Yet
So
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Because
If
When
While
Although
Before
After
(etc.)
Relative Pronouns
Noun Clause Subordinators
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However
Therefore
For example
In fact
On the other hand
Furthermore
Thus
As a result
In contrast
(etc.)
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Note: Conjunctive adverbs are added to simple and compound sentences
It snowed all night. Therefore, schools were closed.
It snowed all night, and therefore schools were closed.
It snowed all night; therefore, schools were closed.
Punctuation:
What are the rules in formal, written English for punctuating compound and complex sentences?
(IC = independent clause; DC = dependent clause)
For example: IC. IC.
IC; IC.
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