Education in England


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Education in England

Schools and stages
Below is a table summarising the most common names of the various schools and stages. Grammar schools are normally state-funded but selective schools, admitting children from 11 years old onward, but there are exceptions.

Key stage

Year

Final exam

Age

State funded schools

Fee paying independent schools

Early Years

Nursery (or Pre-School)

None, though individual schools may set end of year tests.

3-4

Primary

Lower

Infant

Pre-preparatory

Reception (or Foundation)

4-5

KS1

Year 1

5-6

Year 2

6-7

KS2

Year 3

7-8

Junior

Year 4

8-9

Preparatory or Junior

Year 5

9-10

Middle

Year 6

SATS
A grammar school entrance exam, often the 11-plus

10-11




comprehensive schools

selective schools

KS3

Year 7

None, though individual schools may set end of year tests, or mock GCSE exams.

11-12

Secondary

Lower school

High school

Grammar school

Year 8

12-13

Year 9

13-14

Upper

Senior (Public)

KS4

Year 10

14-15

Upper school

Year 11

GCSE

15-16

KS5

Year 12

Advanced subsidiary level or school-set end of year tests.

16-17

College

Sixth form

Year 13

A-Levels

17-18

The government has been unable to recruit sufficient teachers and lecturers. There are 1,000 too few computing teachers, 1,200 too few physics teachers and 1,850 too few maths teachers. Lecturers in further education colleges fell by just under 20,000 from 2010 to 2017. The public sector pay cap is blamed.[29] English secondary schools have 15,000 fewer teachers and teaching assistants than they had two years ago. This leads to larger classes as well as pupils getting less individual attention.[30] Many teachers leave within four years of starting work as teachers. The problem is most acute in inner London with only 57% of teachers who qualified in 2012 still working as teachers in 2017. The Department for Education predicts secondary school pupil numbers will rise by 19.4% from 2017 to 2025.[31]
Thousands of children with special education needs (SEND) are at home without a school place because funding for places was not provided. The number rose from 1710 in 2016 to 4050 in 2017.[32] SEND funding, provides for children with conditions like autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and physical disabilities. Some local authorities are raiding other budgets to provide for SEND children or getting into debt to fund SEND. Others are cutting help for SEND pupils. There is legal action against many local authorities over failure or possible failure to meet the needs of SEND children. There is also legal action planned against the central government for not funding the system.[33]

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