Ejise vol. 1, No. 2, March 2018
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PUBLISHED BY GLOBAL, RESEARCH. EDUCATION AND TRAINING (GREAT) CENTER 37 different ways. The sentence is traditionally (and inadequately) defined as a word or group of words that expresses a complete idea and that includes parts of speech. One way to begin studying basic sentence structures is to consider the traditional parts of speech (also called word classes): nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. Except for interjections ("oops!"), which have a habit of standing by themselves, the parts of speech come in many varieties and may show up just about anywhere in a sentence. To know for sure what part of speech a word is, we have to look not only at the word itself but also at its meaning, position, and use in a sentence. Direct speech is a report of the exact words used by a speaker or writer. Contrast with indirect or reported speech. Direct speech is usually placed inside quotation marks and accompanied by a reporting verb, signal phrase, or quotative frame. The reporting clause may occur before, within, or after the direct speech. When it occurs in the middle or at the end of the sentence, the order of subject and verb can sometimes be inverted: While direct speech purports to give a verbatim rendition of the words that were spoken, indirect speech is more variable in claiming to represent a faithful report of the content or content and form of the words that were spoken. It is important to note, however, that the question of whether and how faithful a given speech report actually is, is of a quite different order. Both direct and indirect speech are stylistic devices for conveying messages. CONCLUSION: The former is used as if the words being used were those of another, which are therefore pivoted to a deictic center different from the speech situation of the report. Indirect speech, in contrast, has its deictic center in the report situation and is variable with respect to the extent that faithfulness to the linguistic form of what was said is being claimed. Direct speech is introduced with the verbs: to say, to answer, to reply, to suggest, to explain, to order, etc. Several conventions are used to represent direct speech in fiction. Some authors take great pains to vary the verb of the reporting clause, to avoid the repeated use of said. |
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