Energy Efficiency of Electric Vehicles

• All high-voltage cables are color-coded in orange to prevent confusion
• Comprehensive contact protection for the entire high-voltage system
• The lithium-ion battery is liquid-cooled and accommodated in high-strength aluminium
housing within the carbon-fibre zero-intrusion cell
• Conductive separation of the high-voltage and low-voltage networks within the vehicle and
integration of an interlock switch
• Active and passive discharging of the high-voltage system when the ignition is switched to
"off"
• In the event of an accident, the high-voltage system is switched off within fractions of a
second
• Continuous monitoring of the high-voltage system for short circuits with potential com‐
pensation and insulation monitors
• Redundant monitoring function for the all-wheel drive system with torque control for
individual wheels, via several control units using a variety of software
By using this design, EV manufacturers ensures maximum safety during production of the
vehicle and also during maintenance and repair work [51].
Energy Efficiency of Electric Vehicles
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/55237
121

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The intelligent and permanent all-wheel drive concept, with four motors for four wheels
guarantees driving dynamics at the highest level, while at the same time providing the best
possible active safety. Optimum traction of the four driven wheels is therefore ensured,
whatever the weather conditions. According to the developers, the term "Torque Dynamics"
refers to individual control of the electric motors, something which enables completely new
levels of freedom to be achieved. The AMG Torque Dynamics feature is permanently active
and allows for selective distribution of forces for each individual wheel. The intelligent
distribution of drive torque greatly benefits driving dynamics, handling, driving safety and
ride comfort. Each individual wheel can be both electrically driven and electrically braked,
depending on the driving conditions, thus helping to: