English faculty II course paper theme: difference between communicative english and written english

Analphabetic
Analphabetic phonetic notation is another sort of phonetic notation that is more accurate than alphabetic notation. Analphabetic notation, in contrast to both alphabetic and iconic notational forms, uses lengthy sequences of symbols to precisely capture the constituent aspects of an articulatory motion (MacMahon 1996:842-844). The notation used in chemical formulas to indicate the composition of chemical compounds is similar to the notation used in this example. Analphabetic writing is less useful for many applications, despite being more descriptive than alphabetic notation (for example, for descriptive linguists conducting fieldwork or for speech pathologists impressionistically transcribing speech abnormalities). This kind of notation is therefore uncommon.
Otto Jespersen of Denmark (1889) and Kenneth Pike of the United States (1943) each created two specimens of this style. Pike's system, which is a component of a larger effort to describe phonetics scientifically, is particularly intriguing since it challenges the descriptive approach used by phoneticians to develop alphabetic systems like the IPA. The following gives an illustration of Pike's system. The IPA notation for a syllabic voiced alveolar nasal consonant is /n/.
MaIlDeCVoeIpvnnAPpaatdtltnransnsfSpvavdtlvtnransssfTpgagdtlwvtitvransnsfSrpFSs
In Pike's notation there are 5 main components (which are indicated using the example above):

1. 
   M - manner of production (i.e., MaIlDe)
   
2. 
   C - manner of controlling (i.e., CVoeIpvnn)
   
3. 
   description of stricture (i.e., what APpaatdtltnransnsfSpvavdtlvtnransssfTpgagdtlwvtitvransnsf)
   
4. 
   S - segment type (i.e., Srp)
   
5. 
   F - phonetic function (i.e., FSs)
   

The components of the notational hierarchy of this consonant are explained below:

M = productive mechanism a = air-stream mechanism I = initiator l = for lung air D = direction of the air stream e = egressive C = controlling mechanism V = valvate stricture o = oral stricture e = subvalvate esophageal stricture I = degree of air-stream interruption p = partial (continuants) v = nonfrictional n = nasal n = resonant nasal

(Rank of stricture) A = acme P = primary (Features of stricture) p = point of articulation a = alveolar a = articulator t = tongue tip d = degree of articulation t = in time l = long t = type of articulation n = normal r = relative strength a = of articulating movement n = normal s = of acoustic impression n = normal s = shape of articulator f = flat (Rank of stricture) S = secondary (Features of stricture) p = point of articulation v = velic a = articulator v = velic d = degree of articulation t = in time l = long v = with cavity friction t = type of articulation n = normal r = relative strength a = of articulating movement n = normal s = of acoustic impression s = soft s = shape of articulator f = flat (Rank of stricture) T = tertiary (Features of stricture) p = point of articulation g = glottal a = articulator g = vocal folds d = degree of articulation t = in time l = long w = wide v = with cavity friction t = type of articulation i = iterative t = trill v = vibratory trill r = relative strength a = of articulating movement n = normal s = of acoustic impression n = normal s = shape of articulator f = flat

S = segmental type r = real p = perceptual F = function phonetically S = of the segment in the syllable s = syllabic contoid