English faculty II course paper theme: difference between communicative english and written english

The functional aspect

This aspect is reflected in the following part of the definition: “opposable”. This is the main aspect of the phoneme. Phonemes are capable of differentiating the meaning of morphemes (“seems” – “seemed”), of words (“spot” – “sport”), of sentences (“He was heard badly” – “He was hurt badly”, “There is no room for you in my hut” – “There is no room for you in my heart”).

How does the phoneme do this task? As was previously indicated, a change in the invariant causes a change in the meaning. When one phoneme is in opposition to another in the same phonetic context ([kt] - [pt]), the phoneme can perform the distinguishing function. The phonemes in this instance differ from one another articulatorily: backlingual versus forelingual. The articulatory characteristics that are "non-distinctive (inrelevant)" are those that have no bearing on meaning. Aspiration is a prime illustration of such a quality. This brings us to the issue that is crucial for pronunciation instruction: the issue of phonetic and phonological errors.
The mistake is called phonological if an allophone of the same phoneme is replaced by an allophone of a different phoneme (“sit” [ɪ] – seat [iː]).
The mistake is called phonetic if an allophone of some phoneme is replaced by the allophone of the same phoneme (“Pit” without aspiration).
Phoneme has 3 functions 1. constitutive (phonemes exist in their material form speech sounds constitute morphemes words sentences all of each are meaningful)2. distinctive (it distinguishes one word from another even whole sentences) 3. recognitive (it manifescts in the process of identificacionnative speakers can identify combination of phonemes as meaningful units.)
Alphabetic
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is one of the most popular and well-known phonetic alphabets. It was originally created by primarily British language teachers, with later efforts from European phoneticians and linguists. It has changed from its earlier intention as a tool of foreign language pedagogy to a practical alphabet of linguists. It is currently becoming the most often seen alphabet in the field of phonetics.
Most American dictionaries for native English-speakers—American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Random House Dictionary of the English Language, Webster's Third New International Dictionary—employ respelling systems based on the English alphabet, with diacritical marks over the vowels and stress marks.^[1]
Linguists of Slavic, Indic, Uralic, Semitic, and Caucasian languages frequently use another alphabetic style that was originally developed for the transcription of Native American and European languages. The fact that it has always been widely utilized for languages spoken outside of the Americas makes it deceptive when this system is referred to as the "Americanist phonetic alphabet." The IPA's specially constructed characters are frequently replaced with already existing characters with diacritics (many characters are taken from Eastern European orthographies, for example), or digraphs, so the distinction between these alphabets and the IPA is negligible.

The IPA also comes in extended forms, such as extIPA, VoQs, and Luciano Canepari's canIPA.