English for

Reading and Speaking
4 The first extract from this article was in Unit 3, Lesson 
1, where learners discussed its Introduction. The authors 
organised an experiment in order ‘to test the effect of 
two different teaching styles on student learning gains’ 
(lecturing and interactive teaching). Make sure learners 
recall the gist of the study. 
Answers
1 The authors carried out an experiment to test ‘the effect of 
two different teaching styles on student learning gains in 
successive semesters’ (lecturing and interactive teaching). 
The two groups of results show students’ performance in two 
successive semesters.
2 The second column (The criterion of participation was not 
assessed in F’03 (N/A = not available).
3 The article might refer to the main differences between the 
two courses.
5 Learners check their answers to question 3 in Activity 4. 
6 The deeper analysis of Text 1 in this activity aims to 
show that each sentence has one or more function to 
perform in the text.
Answers
a 1, 7 b 2, 3, 8 c 1, 5, 6, 7, 9 d 4, 5
Language focus
7 Make sure learners understand they have six sentences 
to analyse: two from Text 1 (1 and 7) and the four 
examples in this Activity (A–D). You could also elicit the 
ways of referring to a table (the expression ‘As shown in 
Table 4’, putting the name of the table in brackets). 
Answers
1 examples B, D
2 sentences 1, 7; examples A, C
3 sentences 1, 7; examples A, C – past simple (the focus is on the 
completed study, on what was done and found); B, D – present 
simple, either active or passive (the author is talking about 
what the text does in the present)
11 
Answers
1 They were volunteers recruited via an online recruitment 
system (on a university website).
2 The participants’ height and weight and their answers in a 
questionnaire.
3 Measurements of height and weight; a Grazing Questionnaire 
was used twice.
4 Five steps: 1 study protocol approval (Initially); 2 the 
recruitment of participants (Then); 3 the taking of height and 
weight measurements (at the beginning of data collection); 
4 the completion of a Grazing Questionnaire (Following 
these measurements); 5 the completion of the Grazing 
Questionnaire a second time (7 days after the initial data 
collection took place).
12 Sequencing is crucial to describing a process clearly. 
The Language Support box gives learners a variety of ways 
of showing the sequence of the procedures they undertook 
in their research.
Answers
1 at the beginning of data collection
2 Then
3 Following these measurements
4 7 days after the initial data collection took place