English for

Lead-in
1 Ask learners to describe the picture. Ask them if they 
have ever felt the same way (tired, exhausted). Then ask 
them to finish the sentence. Learners may come up with 
unexpected and creative suggestions here. Note that 
defining a conclusion via the word ‘place’ makes one think 
of ‘an end’ rather than ‘an opinion’. Cambridge Dictionary 
gives the following definition: ‘the final part of something.’
Answers
Learners’ own answers. The original phrase was ‘where you got 
tired of thinking’.
2 In pairs learners discuss the order in which they write a 
journal article. Make sure that they give reasons for their 
preferences. 
Reading
3 This activity checks learners’ existing knowledge of the 
Conclusions section of an article. 
Answers
1 F 2 T 3 F 4 T 5 F 6 T 7 T
4 Learners have read other parts of this article previously 
(Unit 1, Lesson 3; Unit 2, Lesson 2; Unit 3, Lesson 2). As 
the theme is engaging and can be related to many people, 
learners may be genuinely interested in the authors’ 
conclusions.
Answers
statements 2, 4, 7
5 This is a quick scanning activity in which learners 
identify a useful chunk of language.
Answer
promising avenues for future research
6 If learners find the question too challenging (which 
is unlikely), refer them back to Activity 3 and recall the 
statements that are true about Text 1. 
Answers
The main focus is the need for further research. Phrases that 
express this are:
●
Further research concerning … is now needed.
●
future research may now follow on …
●
by further developing …
●
by exploring … in more detail
●
… may be promising avenues for further research
●
… would be an important step in …
7 This extract is from the Conclusions section of a 
different article. Before learners scan it for the sentence 
signalling the need for further research, point out that the 
text is jumbled.
Answers
Sentence d. ‘These should be regarded as inconclusive, rather 
than negative findings.’

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