English Grammar: a resource Book for Students
VERBS WHICH CAN BE TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE
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English Grammar- A Resource Book for Students
VERBS WHICH CAN BE TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE
Transitivity was introduced in A6 as a determining factor in the formation of passives. It is discussed in more detail in A8 as a fundamental feature in different types of clauses. In this section it is investigated as a characteristic of verbs. The main question is: to what extent can verbs be characterised as transitive or intransitive? It is impossible to divide verbs neatly into two subclasses: transitive and intran sitive. There are a number of reasons for this: C6 V E R B S W H I C H C A N B E T R A N S I T I V E A N D I N T R A N S I T I V E 159 many frequent verbs occur in a number of patterns (see B8), some transitive and ❏ some not, usually with a difference in meaning: He runs every day. He runs a multi-million-dollar corporation. And in fact many frequent verbs that are typically regarded as transitive have less common intransitive uses: That will do! (= ‘is enough’) We pulled hard but it wouldn’t give. (= ‘move’) some verbs seem neutral to the idea of transitivity, appearing with or without an ❏ object with the same meaning, e.g. drive, drink, eat, read: I can drive / I can drive a car. Some are very limited in their range of objects, having a ‘cognate’ object when transitive, e.g. sing with song and similar nouns: He was singing in the bath. He was singing his favourite song in the bath. verbs that involve a reflexive or reciprocal action verbs can omit their ❏ object He washed and dressed before going out. They’ve been fighting ever since they got married. Compare these with the transitive versions with the appropriate object pronouns inserted: washed and dressed himself (reflexive), fighting each other (reciprocal) In many European languages an object pronoun would be obligatory in this situation. many verbs seem basically transitive but have missing (ellipted) objects, which ❏ are already known: Can you re-send? (talking about an email message) To repeat, . . . (cf. To repeat what I said before . . . ) If we paraphrase we can see the hidden passives. (from A6) Are you going to buy or not? In fact many of socalled transitive verbs in English seem to have the ability to appear without an object, given the right circumstances. Another phenomenon involving a relationship between transitive and intransitive verbs, ergativity, is investigated in C7. The following activities examine some of this variation. Look at the sets of concordance lines below. In each case identify the lines where the verb is used transitively and where it is intransitive. There may be cases where this is not clear, or where other factors are involved. Then say what the relationship is between the transitive and intransitive forms according to the above bullet points. Is it possible to say whether each verb is mainly transitive or intransitive? ✪ Download 1.74 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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