English Grammar: a resource Book for Students
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English Grammar- A Resource Book for Students
ERGATIVITY
Section C6 investigated the concept of transitivity in some detail, finding that the distinction between transitive and intransitive verbs is not a simple one. A number of relationships were identified, for example verbs which can be both transitive and intransitive, but with a difference (or ❏ differences) in meaning verbs which include or do without an object ‘at the drop of a hat’ ❏ This section looks at one more relationship. Look at these two extracts. a) A master and servant are talking. ‘I have . . . ruined my clothes’. ‘They will clean, sir.’ (from a historical novel, Dissolution, by C.J. Sansom) b) Some men are discussing a ship. The fuss that was made while that ship was building. (from a short story by Joseph Conrad, ‘The Brute’) How can you explain the use of clean and build here? Are they intransitive verbs? What do ‘they’ and ‘the ship’ refer to? Verbs such as clean and build, where the ‘object’ replaces the subject without any other change, are called ‘ergative’. Ergative verbs are both transitive and intransitive (though the term is usually applied to the latter use). In the transitive/intransitive verbs that we have seen so far it is the object that is left out when a transitive verb becomes intransitive: I sang a song. / I sang. I’m learning to drive a car. / I’m learning to drive. But with ergative verbs it is the subject that is omitted, to be replaced by the object. They started the game. / The game started. He moved his head. / His head moved. Ergativity is common with verbs involving movement and change of state where the thing affected may be more important than the agent or doer, for example The glass suddenly shattered. Prices have doubled in the last month. C7 Download 1.74 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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