English Grammar: a resource Book for Students
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English Grammar- A Resource Book for Students
Activity C7.1
✪ E R G AT I V I T Y 163 Ergatives look very similar to passives without a by phrase: The door was slowly opened. And the meaning is similar, in that both avoid mentioning the agent, but there is a difference. The passive implies an action with an ‘agent’ (the person or thing that causes an action – see A8) even if not mentioned, while the ergative suggests a spon taneous event without an agent: The door slowly opened. In many European languages the equivalent sentence would be constructed with a reflexive pronoun (‘The door opened itself.’). Sometimes a verb is used ergatively only if there is an adverbial: This car drives beautifully. The book is selling like hot cakes. Your essay reads well until the conclusion. And some ergative verbs have a restricted range of subjects: Then the bell/alarm rang/sounded. Decide what patterns (intransitive, transitive, transitive/intransitive, ergative) these verbs have: fall, bounce, show, die, boil, dance Think of examples of each use. (NB: By calling a verb ‘ergative’ we are saying that it is both transitive and intransitive, but in the way described above.) Look at the concordance lines for various forms of the verb improve. Identify those which are transitive, and those which, while intransitive, are in an ergative relationship to the transitive form. What do you notice about the subjects in each case? 1. . . . it’s done very well indeed to improve its profits . . . 2. So people tried to set up unions to improve living and working conditions . . . 3. . . . many head injured patients will fail to improve and could even get worse. 4. But it has to be applied properly or it will not improve the quality of education. 5. . . . we will continue to look for ways to improve the nutritional properties of our products. 6. . . . only when government took action did situations improve at all. 7. Some have received large capital grants to improve their buildings . . . 8. Until recently most pundits expected the market to improve in the spring . . . 9. What do we want to improve most of all? 10. Current video printers . . . are improving all the time. ✪ Download 1.74 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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