English Learners Outside the Classroom: The Effects of Participating in Extracurricular Activities

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank the following people for their constant support and encouragement.

My daughter Arleena who has been very patient with me and has allowed me to take time away from playtime to work on my Master's. Thank you for your smiles, hugs, and constantly reminding me that I am doing a great job as a mom. I promise I will keep working to give you better opportunities.
My husband Jorge, who I met when we were just children trying to navigate a new language and a new country. Thank you for believing in me when I didn't, holding my hand when I felt lost, and reminding me that I am stronger and more intelligent than I think. Thank you for the delicious meals you cooked for Arleena and me and for all the outings you planned to give my mind a break.
My parents, Carmen and Martin, thank you for always believing in my abilities. Gracias Mamá por darme las herramientas que una mujer necesita para navegar este mundo. Gracias papá por recordarme constantemente el valor que tengo como mujer y como persona.
Dr. Theresa Meyerott, for your guidance and enthusiasm. You always had the right words to calm my anxiety.
The students who participated in this study, for being accommodating and vulnerable to share their experiences with me.
Table of Contents

Abstract 2
Acknowledgements 4
Chapter 1: Definition of the Problem 7
Purpose of Study 7
Preview Literature 8
Preview Methodology 9
Significance of Study 9
Conclusion 10
Definitions 10
Chapter Two: Literature Review 11
The Benefits of Extracurricular Activities 12
Global Take on Bilingualism and Co-curricular Activities 16
The ELD Bubble and the Benefits of Socializing 19
Conclusion 23
Chapter 3: Methodology. 26
Design 26
Participants 27
Setting 28
Instruments 29
Procedures 30
Analysis 31
Conclusion 31
Chapter Four: Results 33
Data Presentation 34
Data Analysis and Interpretations 44
Reasons to participate in Extracurricular Activities 44
Reasons not to participate in Extracurricular Activities 45
Benefits of participating in extracurricular activities 46
Recommendations from the students 47
Conclusion 48
Chapter 5: Conclusion 50
Finding Summary 51
Finding Interpretation 52
Findings in Context 53
Recommendations and/or Lessons Learned 54
Limitations 55
Conclusion and Future Direction 55
References 58