English phraseological units with juridical semantics

ENGLISH PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS WITH JURIDICAL SEMANTICS

Abdurashitova Nigora Bobokulovna

Senior teacher, lieutenant-colonel of the Chair of learning languages of The Academy of the Ministry of Interior Affairs

Abstract. The article is devoted to detailed analysis of the English phraseological units with juridical semantics. The author proposes a number of such phraseologisms and analyzes juridical information in their structure. Theoretical part of the article is proved by corresponding examples of English phraseologisms with juridical semantics.

Key words: phraseological unit, juridical semantics, jurisprudence, legislative, English society, social sphere.

Аннотация. Статья посвящается детальному исследованию английских фразеологических единиц с юридической семантикой. Автор приводит ряд подобных фразеологизмов и анализирует информацию юридического характера, заложенную в них. Теоретическая часть статьи подтверждается соответствующими примерами английских фразеологизмов с юридической семантикой.

Ключевые слова: фразеологическая единица, юридическая семантика, юриспруденция, законодательный, английский социум, социальная сфера.

Phraseology is one of the main aspects of world picturing. With the help of phraseological units a language transfers speaker’s subjective attitude to the object of expression, reveals person’s emotional state and expresses various psychological reactions on outer impact. Phraseology in the meaningful structure of its units reflects cultural traditions, myths, folk believes, religious believes, historical events and legends of people of a definite language society. It reflects national colourfulness of its language.

Phraseological fund of a language is always associated with traditional feature, firmness of structure and constant content of these units. Phraseological units disclose the speaker’s culture and register way of living and national psychology of its bearers. That’s why phraseology of any language is deeply national, it gives chance to get introduced with the history and character of people, as well as phraseological units reflect historical events, people’s attitude to them, to human related merits and lacks [4, p. 207].

Phraseologisms being language phenomena are sources of information of a definite social-historical period [1, p. 52]. That’s why one of the reasons of phraseological units formation is extralinguistic factor. А.E. Mamatov pointed the interconnection between these factors and lingual phenomena of metaphoric- expressive character. By this method a number of new phraseologisms appear and enrich the lexical level of a language with different semantics. These units become the product of folk’s art and reflect the essence of any place, economical structure of people, history, culture, way of life, verbal folk’s art, literature, art, science, traditions and transfer this information from generation to generation [1, p. 53].

A special group among them is created by phraseological units with juridical semantics. They reveal the details of people’s legislative relations and demonstrate juridical specifics of a definite langue culture. This article is devoted to analysis of English phraseologisms with juridical semantics.

Scientific novelty of the present research is vivid and doubtless, because English phraseological units containing juridical information were not specially investigated. That’s why we have chosen this theme of investigation.

The results of the research can serve as a teaching material for learning English by our people, especially judges, lawyers, advocates and specialists of juridical speciality in order to improve their level of mastering English, enrich their outlook, introduce with juridical peculiarities of English society, compare with our system and find out similarities and differences, use juridical expressions in a proper way. This will help our education system to prepare highly qualified specialists and be able to cooperate with foreign colleagues.

One of these examples is phraseologisms utter barrister – a lawyer without any rank [2, p. 103]. This expression is registered in a number of phraseological and idiomatic dictionaries with note «juridical».

Some phraseological units with juridical semantics contain proper names in their structure. They are the names of famous judges, lawyers or just persons became famous by their actions in legislative or juridical sphere: Richard Roe – imaginary respondent in the trial [2, p. 92]. It causes interest why English people have chosen this name for nominating a respondent in trial? It’s more evident that lawyers wrote this exact name in their trial reports, thus it became popular among people and a new phraseological expression has appeared.

Another analogical expression of juridical semantics John Doe (юрид.) – воображаемый истец в судебном процессе [2, p. 54-55].

In the English phraseology an individual person is nominated by the expression natural person with dictionary note «juridical» [2, p. 86]. If we translate this expression word-for-word into Russian, we will get «естественный человек» or «натуральный человек», i.e. a common person who is called in juridical terminology as a natural person.

As for juridical person, i.e. a person with a definite rank, duty and status, he/she is nominated by English phraseological expression artificial person [2, p. 86]. If we translate word-for-word this expression into Russian, we will get «ненатуральный, неестественный человек». Such semantics is very interesting from the point of national-cultural specifics of English people. It means that they call an individual person as natural person, but juridical person as artificial person. Another very interesting example of phraseologisms with juridical semantics is next to kin – (juridical) the closest relative who gets the property in case of absence of testament [2, p. 82]. From this phraseological unit we directly get introduced with the laws of English people, their legislative peculiarities. It tells us that in case when there is no a testament of the died person, his property is transferred into hands of his/her spouse, son, daughter, etc. and he/she is called next to kin.

Many phraseological units with juridical meaning give chance to disclose person’s social status. Thus N.Z. Nasrullaeva proposes the following examples of phraseologisms which characterize social status of a man: great seizer – sheriff; a man of law – advocate, lawyer. Man’s higher position in society is vivid in the following expressions:: the man at the top – man-leader of any financial, industrial or commercial organization. The opposite semantics is reflected in phraseologisms like the man in the street – a common man, citizen without any higher position or rank [3, p. 53].

Thus we can conclude, that phraseological units with juridical semantics propose a large and interesting material for research, as they reflect peculiarities of English society, interrelations between people in jurisprudence sphere.

Literature:

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