Environmental issues in the United States

Environmental issues in the United States include climate change, energy, species conservation, invasive species, deforestation, mining, nuclear accidents, pesticides, pollution, waste and over-population. Despite taking hundreds of measures, the rate of environmental issues is increasing rapidly instead of reducing. The United States is among the most significant emitters of greenhouse gasses in the world. In terms of both total and per capita emissions, it is among the largest contributors. The climate policy of the United States has big influence on the world.
Both conservationism and environmentalism appeared in political debate in forests about the Progressive Era in the early 20th century. There were three main positions. The laissez-faire position held that owners of private property—including lumber and mining companies, should be allowed to do anything they wished for their property. The Conservationists, led by President Theodore Roosevelt and his close ally Gifford Pinchot, said that the laissez-faire approach was too wasteful and inefficient. In any case, they noted, most of the natural resources in the western states were already owned by the federal government. The best course of action, they argued, was a long-term plan devised by national experts to maximize the long-term economic benefits of natural resources. Environmentalism was the third position, led by John Muir (1838–1914). Muir's passion for nature made him the most influential American environmentalist. Muir preached that nature was sacred and humans are intruders who should look but not develop. He founded the Sierra Club and remains an icon of the environmentalist movement. He was primarily responsible for defining the environmentalist position, in the debate between Conservation and environmentalism. Environmentalism preached that nature was almost sacred, and that man was an intruder. It allowed for limited tourism (such as hiking), but opposed automobiles in national parks. It strenuously opposed timber cutting on most public lands, and vehemently denounced the dams that Roosevelt supported for water supplies, electricity and flood control. Especially controversial was the Hetch Hetchy dam in Yosemite National Park, which Roosevelt approved, and which supplies the water supply of San Francisco

Qo'shma Shtatlardagi ekologik muammolarga iqlim o'zgarishi, energiya, turlarni saqlash, invaziv turlar, o'rmonlarni yo'q qilish, tog ' -kon sanoati, yadroviy avariyalar, pestitsidlar, ifloslanish, chiqindilar va ortiqcha aholi kiradi. Yuzlab choralar ko'rilganiga qaramay, ekologik muammolar darajasi pasayish o'rniga tez sur'atlar bilan o'sib bormoqda. Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari dunyodagi eng muhim issiqxona gazlari emitentlari qatoriga kiradi. Ham umumiy, ham jon boshiga chiqindilar bo'yicha u eng katta hissadorlar qatoriga kiradi. Qo'shma Shtatlarning iqlim siyosati dunyoga katta ta'sir ko'rsatadi. Ikkalasi ham tabiatni muhofaza qilish va ekologizm haqida o'rmonlarda siyosiy munozaralarda paydo bo'ldi progressiv davr 20-asrning boshlarida. Uchta asosiy pozitsiya mavjud edi. Laissez-faire pozitsiyasi xususiy mulk egalariga, shu jumladan yog'och va tog' - kon kompaniyalariga o'z mulklari uchun xohlagan narsalarini qilishlariga ruxsat berilishi kerak edi. Prezident boshchiligidagi Tabiatni muhofaza qiluvchilar Teodor Ruzvelt va uning yaqin ittifoqchisi Gifford Pinchot, laissez-faire yondashuvi juda isrof va samarasiz ekanligini aytdi. Qanday bo'lmasin, ular ta'kidladilarki, G'arb Shtatlaridagi tabiiy resurslarning aksariyati allaqachon federal hukumatga tegishli edi. Ularning ta'kidlashicha, eng yaxshi harakat yo'nalishi tabiiy resurslarning uzoq muddatli iqtisodiy foydasini maksimal darajada oshirish uchun milliy ekspertlar tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan uzoq muddatli reja edi. Ekologizm boshchiligidagi uchinchi pozitsiya edi jon Muir (1838-1914). Muirning tabiatga bo'lgan ishtiyoqi uni eng nufuzli amerikalik ekologga aylantirdi. Muir tabiat muqaddas ekanligini va odamlar qarashlari kerak, ammo rivojlanmasligi kerak bo'lgan tajovuzkorlardir, deb va'z qildi. U Sierra klubiga asos solgan va ekologlar harakatining belgisi bo'lib qolmoqda. U birinchi navbatda Tabiatni muhofaza qilish va ekologizm o'rtasidagi munozarada ekolog pozitsiyasini aniqlash uchun javobgardir. Ekologizm tabiat deyarli muqaddas ekanligini va inson tajovuzkor ekanligini targ'ib qildi. Bu cheklangan turizmga imkon berdi (masalan piyoda yurish), ammo milliy bog'larda avtomobillarga qarshi chiqdi. U aksariyat jamoat erlarida yog'ochni kesishga qat'iy qarshi chiqdi va Ruzvelt suv ta'minoti, elektr energiyasi va toshqinlarni nazorat qilish uchun qo'llab-quvvatlagan to'g'onlarni qat'iyan qoraladi. Ruzvelt ma'qullagan va San-Frantsiskoning suv ta'minotini ta'minlaydigan Yosemit Milliy bog'idagi Xetch xetchi to'g'oni ayniqsa munozarali edi