Errors in Measurement


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Measurement Theory

No Measurement is Exact

  • Errors in Measurement
  • No Measurement is Exact
  • Every Measurement Contains Errors
  • The “True” Value of a Measurement is Never Known
  • The “Exact” Error Present is Always Unknown

Caused by:

  • Mistakes or Blunders
  • Caused by:

Natural

  • Natural
    • Environmental conditions: wind, temperature, humidity etc.
    • Tape contracts and expands due to temperature changes
    • Difficult to read Philadelphia Rod with heat waves coming up from the pavement

Instrumental

  • Sources of Errors
  • Instrumental
    • Due to Limitation of Equipment

Personal

  • Sources of Errors
  • Personal
    • Limits of Human Performance Factors
      • Sight
      • Strength
      • Judgement
      • Communication

Systematic/Cumulative

  • Types of Errors
  • Systematic/Cumulative
    • Errors that occur each time a measurement is made
    • These Errors can be eliminated by making corrections to your measurements

Precision

  • Precision
    • The “Closeness” of one measurement to another

Accuracy

  • Precision vs. Accuracy
  • Accuracy
    • The degree of perfection obtained in a measurement.

Ultimate Goal of the Surveyor

  • Precision and Accuracy

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