Ethalon language and cross-language correspondence in Contrastive Linguistics. - Etalon language – is a language which is perceived or taken as a standard against which other languages are compared or evaluated, such as Latin in medieval and early modern Europe. The notion has been developed and elaborated by the Russian linguist Uspenskij. He says that any typology is based on a metalanguage, which is the same as an etalon language to make transformations from it to real languages and back, from real languages to an etalon (Uspenskyj 1965)
Meta-language - He says that any typology is based on a metalanguage, which is the same as an etalon language to make transformations from it to real languages and back, from real languages to an etalon (Uspensky 1965)
Difference - It is necessary, though, to distinguish metalanguage from language etalon by the following criterion: a metalanguage is a system of postulates and parameters of language structure applied to describe any system, separately or on contrast; while a language etalon is a realization of a certain section of metalanguage in a set of natural languages.
Ethalon in two languages - A synonymic term in Uzbek language “ Til etaloni (andozasi)” is often used in the meaning of the “language-etalon”.
On the basis of comparison - -a specifically constructed artificial language, or a symbolic language, consisting of general artificial rule;
- -a certain separate language with a well-developed system;
- -a certain system; linguistic (grammatical, semantic, etc.) category; certain differential characteristics;
On the basis of comparison Cross-language correspondence - can be defined across languages which are relatively closely related in exactly the same way as correspondences can be defined for dialects, or accents, of a single language. One of its main parts is corpus (corpora).
Corpora. - A corpus is a collection of texts used for linguistic analyses, usually stored in an electronic database so that the data can be accessed easily by means of a computer. Corpus texts usually consist of thousands or millions of words and are not made up of the linguist’s or a native speaker’s invented examples but on authentic (naturally occurring) spoken and written language.
Corpus linguistics. - It is the study of language based on large collections of "real life" language use stored in corpora (or corpuses)--computerized databases created for linguistic research. Also known as corpus-based studies. Corpus linguistics is viewed by some linguists as a research tool or methodology, and by others as a discipline or theory in its own right.
A text corpus - is a very large collection of text (often many billions of words) produced by real users of the language and used to analyse how words, phrases and language in general are used. It is used by linguists, lexicographers, social scientist, experts in natural language processing and in many other fields. A corpus is also be used for generating various language databases used in software development.
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