Experimental phonetics

That is why it is necessary to improve the current situation, to provide Uzbek children with all the necessary conditions for the access to this amazing world of foreign languages.

Shavkat Mirziyoyev in his speech of June 15, 2017 in Tashkent conference that was dedicated to issues of ensuring social justice, preserving the true essence and significance of our sacred religion of Islam, drew special attention to issues of educating the younger generation.

As the head of our state noted, one of the most important issues always worrying us, concern the moral image of our youth, their worldview. Time is rapidly changing today. Who is most aware of these changes? Of course, the youth is. Certainly, let the youth keep up with the times. However, at the same time, they should not lose their national identity. Let the idea, of who we are, the descendants of what great ancestors we are always echo in their hearts and call for being committed to national self-consciousness. How will we achieve this? Of course we achieve it only through upbringing, upbringing and only upbringing.

Under the guidance of the President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev a special attention is paid to formation of harmoniously developed, highly educated, modern thinking generation, able to take responsibility for the fate of Homeland.The head of our government said: "The main objective of all our reforms in the field of education is individual. Therefore the task of education, the task of growing up a new generation capable of national renaissance will remain the prerogative of the state and constitute a priority.For this, the power of foreign languages also must work in new generation's mind..."[1:35]

WHAT IS PHONETICS

Phonetics is the study of speech. Traditionally, phoneticians have relied on their ears and eyes, and their awareness of their own vocal organs, to study pronunciation. Increasingly, however, they have been using instruments of various types to supplement the information they derive from their own sensations. Experimental phonetics, as the term is commonly used, includes any investigation of speech by means of instruments. It is understood here that the instruments are used to visualise some aspect of the speech event, and possibly also to provide a basis for measurements. For example, makin a tape recording for the purpose of repeated listening does not fall within the scope of experimental phonetics, but if the tape recording is fed into a computer and used to produce an acoustic analysis, the activity would be described as an experimental investigation The word ‘phonetics’ comes from the Greek word fonetika meaning ‘the science of the voice’. Nowadays it means the study of the way humans make, transmit, and receive speech sounds. Phonetics is an independent branch of linguistics like lexicology or grammar. These linguistic sciences study language from three different points of view. Lexicology deals with the language vocabulary, the origin and development of words, their meaning and word building. Grammar defines the rules governing the modification of words and the combination of words into sentences.
Phonetics is a basic branch of linguistics, which deals with speech sounds and studies the outer form of the language. Neither linguistic theory nor linguistic practice can exist without phonetics, because language is a system and its components are inseparably connected. The connection of phonetics with grammar is exercised through orthography and intonation. Thus for example, the system of reading rules helps to pronounce singular and plural forms of nouns correctly (man — men, foot — feet). The use of the necessary nuclear tone helps to distinguish between different types of sentences. It’s especially important in colloquial speech where one and the same sentence may be understood as a statement when pronounced with the falling tone (He came \ home.) or a question when pronounced with the rising tone (He came / home?). The connection of phonetics with lexicology is exercised through pronunciation and word-stress. For instance, some corresponding forms of verbs and nouns are homographs identical in spelling. They may be distinguished with the help of pronunciation (wind [wınd] — to wind [waınd]) word-stress ('object — to ob'ject), or the combinative use of word-stress and pronunciation (increase ['ınkrıs] — to increase [in'kri:z]).

The connection of phonetics with stylistics is exercised through intonation tion of words serves as the basis of rhythm and rhyme; capitalization or italics highlightning underline special prominence of information:
Phonetics as a science examines the inventory, structure and functions of speech sounds. On the expression level phoneticians investigate the sound system of the language: phonemes and their allophones, word stress, syllabic structure and intonation. On the content level phoneticians are interested in the analysis and characteristics of phonetic phenomena and their role in a language. Thus phonetics occupies itself with the study of the ways of sound organization into a system of units, variations and functions of these units in all types and styles of spoken language.

Phonetics is the kind of a science that may have application in various fields of knowledge besides linguistics. Phonetics is also connected with non-linguistic sciences which have educational or social value, like methods of language teaching, logics, history, psychology, sociology. The study of the structure of sound system is indispensable from sciences studying different aspects of speech production, like acoustics, physiology. The connection of phonetics with other sciences is easily observed by the example of its branches. Thus, acoustic phonetics is related to physics and mathematics; articulatory phonetics — to physiology, anatomy, and anthropology; historical phonetics — to general history and archaeology; functional phonetics — to communication theory and statistics.

Phonetics is also a part of some interdisciplinary subjects like sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, mathematical linguistics, etc. Each of these sciences can have theoretical or practical application in the sphere of phonetic investigation.