Psy 369: Psycholinguistics


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Lanuage and thought

  • Can two people who speak different languages communicate?
    • Two approaches
      • Translation is possible
        • linguistic realism
      • Translation is essentially impossible
        • linguistic determinism
        • linguistic relativism
          • Sometimes called “Whorfian hypothesis” or “Sapir-Whorf hypothesis”

Does language affect thought?

  • Linguistic form
  • Whorf’s famous example
    • “Empty gasoline drums”
  • Linguistic meanings
  • Mental interpretations
  • Nonlinguistic observables
  • empty
  • drum no longer contains gasoline
  • gasoline drum without gasoline
  • null and void, negative, inert
  • worker smokes cigarettes

Logogen model (Morton 1969)

    • Logogens specify word’s attributes
    • Activated in two ways
      • By sensory input
      • By contextual information
    • Access (recognition) when reach threshold
      • Different thresholds depending on different factors
        • e.g., frequency
      • Access makes information associated with word available
  • cat
  • dog
  • cap
  • The lexical entry for each word comes with a logogen

Logogen model (Morton 1969)

  • Auditory stimuli
  • Visual stimuli
  • Auditory
  • analysis
  • Visual
  • analysis
  • Logogen
  • system
  • Output
  • buffer
  • Context
  • system
  • Available Responses
  • Semantic
  • Attributes
  • cat
  • dog
  • cap
  • Think of a logogen as being like a ‘strength-o-meter’ at a fairground
  • When the bell rings, the logogen has ‘fired
  • ‘cat’
  • [kæt]
  • What makes the logogen fire?
    • seeing/hearing the word
  • What happens once the logogen has fired?
    • access to lexical entry!
    • High frequency words have a lower threshold for firing
    • e.g., cat vs. cot
  • ‘cat’
  • [kæt]
  • ‘cot’
  • [kot]
  • Low freq takes longer
  • Spreading activation from doctor lowers the threshold for nurse to fire
    • So nurse take less time to fire
  • ‘nurse’
  • [nə:s]
  • ‘doctor’
  • [doktə]
  • nurse
  • doctor
  • doctor
  • nurse

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