Famous philosophies

Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)
Nationality: Russian
Known for: Developed the concept of the conditioned reflex
Known for his “Pavlov’s Dog” experiment, Ivan Pavlov discovered that dogs would begin to salivate when they thought they were going to get food. His findings gained approval among his peers and even in culture as the idea was used in Huxley’s “Brave New World” and other works.

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Nationality: Austrian Known for: The father of psychoanalysis Freud was one of the innovators in the field of psychology. He played a major role in the field’s development and many of his ideas are controversial and not widely accepted. He thought that many psychological issues that people have could be traced back to their sexual development.	Alfred Binet (1857-1901) Nationality: French Known for: Invented the Binet-Simon scale The Binet-Simon scale was the first accepted intelligence test used in schools to help determine which students needed extra help with learning the curriculum. The test was based on a variety of tasks created by Binet and Simon that were relevant to a child’s ability at various stages in life.	Alfred Adler (1870-1937) Nationality: Austrian Known for: Founded the school of individual psychology Adler is credited with several concepts in the field of psychology. For one thing, he disagreed with Freud’s idea that a patient and psychologist should face away from each other. He felt they should face each other. He also believed that the personality strives for wholeness and a balance with society.