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II.2.Phonetics and Pronunciation 

Beginning students of English often say that their top priorities are to 

know grammar well and to learn as many words and everyday phrases as 
possible. Many students think that phonetics is a luxury that they can do 
without. 
It's a big mistake to underestimate the importance of pronunciation. If 
you want to communicate in English, you need to speak English. Speaking 
to people is the only way to communicate. Well, you can exchange written 
messages, of course. Or use gestures to show what you want to say. But 
seriously, you need to know how to pronounce what you want to say. How 
you say something is as important as what you say. It means that it is 
necessary for you to acquire standard correct English pronunciation if you 
want to understand English speakers and want them to understand you. 
Standard correct pronunciation consists of: 

Correct pronunciation of sounds; 

Correct pronunciation of words, with special attention to stress; 
Correct intonation in different types of sentences, which includes such 
notions as sentence stress, rhythm, rising intonation, and falling intonation. 
  In the section Phonetics, we will study English pronunciation: sounds, 
stress, rhythm, intonation, and other useful things. 
English pronunciation is very different from Russian pronunciation. 
The number of letters and the sounds that they represent are not the same in 
English and Russian, and some English sounds do not have corresponding 
sounds in Russian. Vowel and consonant sounds of American English, with 
pronunciation notes and spelling examples, are listed in English Vowel 
Sounds and English Consonant Sounds. Important phonetic terms related to 
vowel sounds are explained in Vowels Glossary of Terms. 
 
English stress and rhythm are particularly difficult for Russian 
speakers. Even advanced students often have difficulty in mastering English 

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sentence stress and speech rhythm, which are necessary to master if you 
want to achieve a good level of language fluency in English. 
Recommendations on these questions are given in the sections English 
Stress and English Intonation. Important phonetic terms related to stress are 
explained in Introduction and Glossary of Terms. Useful pronunciation and 
listening resources for self-study are listed below. 

Perfect Pronunciation Exercises A collection of phonetic exercises on 

the site Merriam-Webster's Learner's Dictionary. American English, for all 
levels. You can listen to words and sentences and practice repeating them. A 
list of sounds and symbols with pronunciation called IPA Pronunciation 
Symbols (with audio) are given in the Help section. The sounds of English 
and the International Phonetic Alphabet A chart of the sounds of British and 
American English in short words, with audio and notes on pronunciation, on 
the site Antimoon.com. 

 Authentic American Pronunciation Various materials for listening: 
letters of the alphabet, consonants and vowels in short words, stress patterns, 
reduction, homonyms, words with silent letters, dates, songs. American 
English. Train Your Accent Listening materials on various topics provide 
samples of relaxed pronunciation that will help you to understand how 
sounds are reduced in everyday speech. American English, for all levels.