Cfd modelling of h-darrieus vertical axis wind turbine
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................... v LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................ x NOMENCLATURE ......................................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 RENEWABLE ENERGY SITUATION IN BANGLADESH ................................................... 1 1.2 WIND ENERGY ......................................................................................................................... 4 1.3 WIND TURBINE AND ITS TYPE ............................................................................................ 9 1.4 A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF VAWT ............................................................................................ 9 1.5 RESEARCH PROBLEM STATEMENT ................................................................................. 10 1.6 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY ...................................................................... 10 1.7 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY ....................................................................... 10 1.8 METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY ...................................................................................... 11 1.9 MAIN FEATURES OF THE STUDY ...................................................................................... 11 1.10 ARRANGEMENT/ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS ..................................................... 11 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................ 13 2.1 ANALYTICAL STUDY APPROACH OF H-DARRIEUS VAWT ........................................ 14 2.1.1 Momentum Model .............................................................................................................. 14 2.1.1.1 Single Streamtube Model ............................................................................................. 14 2.1.1.2 Multiple Streamtube Model ......................................................................................... 14 2.1.1.3 Double-multiple Streamtube model ............................................................................. 14 2.1.2 Vortex Model ...................................................................................................................... 15 2.1.3 Cascade Models .................................................................................................................. 16 VII 2.2 COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS SIMULATION ................................................... 16 2.2.1 Considering Different Turbulence Models ......................................................................... 16 2.2.1.1 k-ε model...................................................................................................................... 16 2.2.1.2 k-ω (SST) model .......................................................................................................... 17 2.2.1.3 Transition SST model .................................................................................................. 17 2.3 COMBINED STUDIES (ANALYTICAL, CFD AND EXPERIMENTAL) ........................... 18 CHAPTER 3: THEORY ..................................................................................................................... 20 3.1 FINITE VOLUME METHOD- AN OVERVIEW.................................................................... 20 3.2 COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (CFD) .................................................................. 21 3.2.1 Governing Equation ............................................................................................................ 21 3.2.1.1 Mass Conservation ....................................................................................................... 21 3.2.1.2 Momentum equation .................................................................................................... 22 3.2.1.3 Energy Conservation .................................................................................................... 22 3.2.1.4 Navier-Stokes Equations .............................................................................................. 23 3.2.2 Finite Volume Method........................................................................................................ 24 3.2.3 Turbulence Modelling ........................................................................................................ 25 3.2.3.1 The K- ε Model ........................................................................................................... 26 3.2.3.2 The K - ω Model ......................................................................................................... 27 3.2.3.3 The Shear-Stress Transport (SST) Model .................................................................... 27 3.3 WIND TURBINE TERMS ....................................................................................................... 28 3.3.1 Tip Speed Ratio .................................................................................................................. 28 3.3.2 Power Co-Efficient and Its Calculation .............................................................................. 28 3.3 C p Vs λ Curve ........................................................................................................................ 29 CHAPTER 4: CFD SIMULATION ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................... 32 4.1 FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION................................................................................... 32 VIII 4.2 FEATURES OF THE EXPERIMENTAL ROTOR: ................................................................ 33 4.3 DESIGNING THE TURBINE GEOMETRY ........................................................................... 34 4.4 GENERATION OF MESH ....................................................................................................... 38 4.5 SOLVER SETTINGS- FLUENT SETUP ................................................................................ 40 4.5.1 The Sliding Mesh Approach ............................................................................................... 40 4.6 SOLUTION SETUP .................................................................................................................. 41 4.6.1 Boundary Conditions .......................................................................................................... 41 4.6.2 Turbulence Model ............................................................................................................... 42 4.6.3 Time Step Calculation ........................................................................................................ 42 4.6.4 Reference Values and Power Coefficient ........................................................................... 43 4.6.5 Solution Methods ................................................................................................................ 44 4.6.6 Summary of the fluid domain simulation ........................................................................... 46 CHAPTER 5: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ............................................................................... 47 5.1 MESH INDEPENDENCE STUDY .......................................................................................... 47 5.2 TIME INDEPENDENCE STUDY ........................................................................................... 49 5.3 VALIDATION OF SIMULATION WITH DATA PRESENT IN THE LITERATURE ........ 51 5.3.1 C p vs λ Curve ...................................................................................................................... 51 5.4 VELOCITY FIELD PLOTS ..................................................................................................... 51 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................... 53 6.1 SUMMARY OF THE WORK .................................................................................................. 53 6.2 CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................................... 53 6.3 RECOMMENDATION AND FUTURE WORKS 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