I m p e r I a L g a z e t t ee r o f I n d I a vol. X i I i
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- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- Hosur Subdivision.
- Hoti Mardàn.
- Number of Subdi\ ision.
H o s h i a r p u r (population, 17,549), the
head-quarters, G a r h d i w a l a
(3,652), H a r i a x a (6,005), and Khanpur (3,183); and 489 villages, including
a place of some historical interest. The land revenue and cesses in 1903-4 amounted to 4-3 lakhs. The tahsil comprises the western slopes of the Siwaliks, the poor land at their base, a central strip of fairly productive but sandy soil, and in the west a broad belt of fertile land irrigated by wells. It is well wooded, and the mango groves are a characteristic feature. Torrent-beds, dry except after heavy rain, are met with every few miles. Hoshiarpur Town.—Head-quarters of the District and tahsll of Hoshiarpur, Punjab, situated in 31 0 32' X. and 75 0 52' E., at the foot of the Siwaliks, on the Jullundur-Dharmsala road, 25 miles from Jul- lundur. The Divisional and Sessions Judge of the Hoshiarpur Civil Division has his head-quarters here. Population (1901), 17,549- The town was seized in 1809 by Ranjit Singh, and formed the head-quarters of the governors of the Jullundur Doab. It is famous for the pro duction of articles of wood inlaid with ivory. The municipality was created in 1867. The income during the ten years ending 1902-3 averaged Rs. 47,500, and the expenditure Rs. 47,400. In 1903-4 the income was Rs. 58,600, chiefly derived from octroi; and the expen diture was Rs. 44,900. It maintains a high school, the management NOS TET TALUK of which was taken over by the Educational department in 1904. There are two other unaided high schools in the town, which also possesses a civil hospital ; and the Ludhiana Mission maintains a female hospital. Hoskote.— Eastern taluk of Bangalore District, Mysore, lying between 12 0 51' and 13 0 15' N. and 77 0 38' and 77 0 59' E., with an area of 272 square miles. The population rose from 60,667 in 1891 t0 73,^55 in 1901. The taluk contains two towns, Hoskote (popula tion, 3,184) and Sulibele (2,186); and 365 villages. The land revenue demand in 1903-4 was Rs. 1,55,000. The Ponnaiyar is the western boundary towards the north, and, forming the large Hoskote tank, runs through the south of the taluk. Except for a few low hills in the north, the country is open. Along the river and east from Nandagudi the best cultivation is found. Some potatoes are grown, and poppy used to be grown formerly. Hay is made near Hoskote for the Bangalore market. Hoskote town, the head-quarters, is situated in 13°
0 48' E., on the Ponnaiyar, 6 miles from Whitefield railway station. Hosa-kote, the ‘new fort,’ so called to distinguish it from Kolar, was built about 1595 by the Sugatur chief, who also made the large tank, 10 miles in circumference when full. Hospet Subdivision.—Subdivision of Bellary District, Madras, consisting of
the H o s p e t , H a d a g a l l i , K u d l i g i , and
H a r p a n a h a l i j
Hospet Taluk.—Western taluk of Bellary District, Madras, lying between 15° o' and 15 0 29' N. and 76° 17' and 76° 48' E., with an area of 540 square miles. The population in 1901 was 101,947, compared with 92,512 in 1891. The taluk contains two towns, H o s p e t (popula
tion, 18,482), the head-quarters, and K a m p i . i (9,803); and 121 villages. Of the villages the best known is Hampi, which has given its name to the wonderful ruins of the old city of V i j a v a n a g a r which lie scattered around. The demand for land revenue and cesses in 1903-4 amounted to Rs. 2,08,000. Containing the rugged wildernesses of granite hills round Daroji and Kampli and many outliers from the Sandur and Copper Mountain ranges, Ilospet is the most hilly area in the District. Nine-tenths of it is covered with light mixed soils. Only one-twelfth is black cotton soil, and even this is scattered in many isolated patches and does not occur in any one continuous spread. Kanarese is the prevailing vernacular. It is the only part of Bellary of which any considerable proportion is protected from drought in all seasons, 14 per cent, of the cultivated area, most of which is supplied by the Tungabhadra channels, being safe from famine. It consequently suffered less in the distress of 1876-8 than any other part of the District. Some of this irrigated land is very valuable: it is reported that fields round Kampli have changed hands at priccs 204 ITOSPET TALUK working out at Rs. 1,200 per acre. Much of it, however, is malarious, and some of the villages near Hospet town are almost deserted, the people being compelled by fever to live elsewhere. Sugar-cane and rice are the chief crops raised on the irrigated land, the area under sugar-cane being considerably more than half of the total under that crop in the whole District. Owing to the many hills, the proportion of the total area which is arable is lower than in any other taluk. Hospet Town (‘New town’).—Head-quarters of the subdivision and taluk of the same name in Bellary District, Madras, situated in 15 0
o 24' E., on the Southern Mahratta Railway. A branch line has been built from here to Kottüru. Population (1901), 18,482. The town consists of one long market street, with a temple at the end and a number of small lanes opening off it. The chief merchants live in the suburb of Chittavadigi, which is the centre of trade for the western taluks of the District. Owing partly to the fever which is gradually invading the western portion of Chittavadigi and partly to the existence of the railway station in Hospet, Chittavadigi is extending eastwards to join the rest of the town. The fever is worst on the land irrigated by channels from the Tungabhadra. More than one village among the ‘ wet ’ fields has been almost entirely deserted ; and even the farm-labourers frequently live in Hospet or Chittavadigi, and go out daily to their work rather than reside on the irrigated land. Mainly owing to this fact, the population of Hospet advanced by more than 40 per cent, during the ten years ending T901. The chief industry is cotton-weaving. There is a native tannery, and five or six families make brass toe-rings, bangles, cattle-bells, &c. The trade in jaggery (coarse sugar), most of which goes by rail towards Bombay, is large; but the decline in price, due to the competition of sugar refined by European processes, has affected it adversely. The jaggery is made from the cane irrigated by the Tungabhadra channels. So universal is the use of iron cane-crushing mills, that two native smiths in Hospet have learnt to make and repair them. They procure the necessary castings, Szc., from Madras and adjust them and put them together. One of them employs a lathe worked by bullock-power. Conspicuous objects in the town are three stone Muhammadan tombs east of the bazar-street, known locally as the three mosques, and two other similar erections near the divisional officer’s bungalow. The town was built by the Vijayanagar king Krishna Deva between T509 and 1520 in honour of NágaládevI, a courtesan whom he had known in his youth, and whom he married after he became king. He called it, after her, Nágalápur, and it was his favourite residence. In his time it was the entrance gate, as it were, to the city of Vijayanagar for all travellers coming from Goa and the west coast. Krishna Deva also made the enormous embankment south of the town, connect- HOSUR TOWN 2 0 5
ing the ends of the two parallel ranges of hills which farther south enclose the valley of S a n d u r . It was carried out with the aid of Joao de la Ponte, a Portuguese engineer whose services had been lent by the Governor-General of Goa. Immediately south of Hospet, at the northern end of the big embankment, rises a prominent hill of a curious conical shape with smooth grass-covered sides, which is called the Joladarasi, or ‘heap of cholam.’ The youth among the local Boyas used to back themselves to run up it without stopping, carrying a bag of grain on their shoulders. Farther east along this same range is the bold peak of Jambunath Konda (2,980 feet above the sea); and half way up this, in a very picturesque glen, standing on. a broad artificial terrace, is the temple of Jambunath. From Hospet to the foot of the hill is about 3 miles, and a paved way leads up to the temple.
consisting of the H o s u r , K r i s h n a g i r i , and
D h a r m a p u r i taluks. Hosur Taluk.—Northern taluk of Salem District, Madras, lying between 12 0 9' and 1 2 0 54' N. and 77 0 29' and 78° 16' E., with an area of 1,217 square miles. The northern and western portions are on the high level of the Mysore plateau, and form a bare and uninteresting tract. In the south and east the country is full of beauty, being a series of plateaux sustained by lines of forest-clad hills and sinking by rapid descents down to the valley of the Cauvery. The taluk is the most thinly peopled portion of the District; but at the Census of 1901 it contained a population of 184,971, compared with 155,768 in 1891, the increase, at the rate of nearly 19 per cent., being the most rapid in the District. Much of the country is covered with jungle, and is the rearing-ground of the so called Mysore breed of cattle. The climate 011 the table-land is cool and pleasant, resembling that of Bangalore. The taluk contains one town, H o s u r (population, 6,695), the head quarters of the subdivision and the taluk. The number of villages is 750. The demand for land revenue and cesses in 1903-4 was Rs. 2,49,000.
same name in Salem District, Madras, situated in 12° 44' N. and 77 0
branch of the Madras Railway, 2o| miles by a good road. It is also easily accessible from Bangalore, 24 miles distant. Population (1901), 6,695. To the west of the town stands an old fort, mentioned frequently in the history of the wars with Tipii Sultan, and supposed to have been built for Tipu by an English engineer named Hamilton, lie and two other prisoners were barbarously beheaded on the approach of Lord Cornwallis’s army in 1791. The divisional officers bungalow, locally called the Castle, was built at great cost by a former Collector, Mr. Brett (1859-62), when Hosur was the head-quarters of
2 0 6 HOSÜR TO ¡FA the District. It is in the style of an English mediaeval castle, with turrets, battlements, a moat,
Four miles south of the town, at Mattagiri, is the Hosür Remount Dépôt, from which the Ninth Division of the army in India is supplied with cavalry and artillery horses. This dates from 1828, and is in charge of a British officer assisted by a subaltern of the Army Veterinary department. The greater number of the horses are Australians bought from the importers at Madras. They are acclimatized and broken to their work at the dépôt. The place has a wonderfully English appear ance, the grassy paddocks being surrounded with post-and-rail fences and entered by gates of familiar pattern, and much of the work on the farm is done by horses instead of bullocks.
situated in 17 0 36' N. and 75 0 58' E., 9 miles south-east of Sholâpur city. Population (1901), 3,9r8. It is the junction of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway with the Hotgi-Gadag section of the Southern Mahratta line. The village contains a dispensary belonging to the Southern Mahratta Railway. Hoti Mardàn.—Town in Peshawar District, North-West Frontier Province. See M a r d â n . Howrah District (.Hâbara).—Small District in the Burdwân Division of Bengal, lying between 22 0 13' and 22 0 47' N. and S7 0
which is a separate magisterial charge, is for revenue purposes sub ordinate to H o o g h l y D i s t r i c t , by which it is bounded on the north ; its western and eastern boundaries are the Rüpnàràyan and the Hooghly rivers, which separate it from Midnapore and the Twenty- four Parganas and meet at its southern angle. The District is intersected from north to south by the D a m o d a r , which falls into the Hooghly opposite Faltà Point. There are many . small streams and watercourses, the principal being ^aspects 1 ^ ie ^âna Damodar, a tributary of the river of that name, which rises near Târakeswar in Hooghly Dis trict, and falls into the Damodar at Amtà ; the Saraswatï, at one time the main channel of the Ganges but now merely a branch of the Hooghly, which it leaves near Tribeni and, after flowing southwards through Howrah, rejoins at Sânkrail ; and the
h â l , which connects the Rüpnàràyan and Damodar. The District is studded with depressions lying between the larger rivers, the most important being the Ràjâpur marsh between the Hooghly and Damodar, which is now being gradually drained ; towards the south the country lies so low as to require protection by costly Government and private embankments.
HO irRAJI DISTRICT 2 0 7
The surface is covered with alluvium, consisting chiefly of sandy clay and sand. The vegetation is composed almost exclusively of the aquatic'and marsh plants to be met with in rice-fields, such as Ilydrilla, Utri a/laria, Caesulia, or of those semi-spontaneous plants that form the village shrubberies of Central Bengal, such as Glycosmis, Trema, Urena, So/anuvi, Datura, Leonotis, and the like. Waste places are generally covered with a weedy vegetation ; and one of the striking features is the extent to which such weeds as occur in these places are exotic so far as Bengal is concerned, many of them, such as Scoparia, Ageraturn, Evolvulus nummularius, and Peperomia pei/ucida, being originally natives of America. Wild hog abound in the south, and a stray leopard is occasionally seen.
Humidity is high but the rainfall is rarely excessive, the average yearly total being 57 inches, of which 5-5 inches fall in May, 10-2 in June, 12 in July, 12-3 in August, and 8-i in September. The climate resembles that of Calcutta and the Twenty-four Parganas; separate statistics of temperature are not available. The District is subject to floods, owing to the sudden rising of the Damodar and Riipnarayan rivers ; and destructive inundations occurred in 1823, 1833, and 1864. Embankments were formerly maintained along both banks of the Damodar; but they were breached almost every year, and those along the right bank were eventually abandoned in order to preserve those on the left bank of the river. In September, 1900, an abnormal rainfall of 24 inches in 48 hours caused extensive floods. Many cattle were drowned, and hundreds of houses destroyed, and the rice crop was ruined over an area of 150 square miles. Destruc tive cyclones occurred in 1832, 1833, 1842, and 1864, the last wrecking several vessels on the Hooghly. The great earthquake of 1897 caused much damage to brick-built houses in Howrah city. Howrah, with the rest of the Burdwan Division and the District of Blrbhum, formed part of the old Hindu province of Bengal known as Rarh, but very little authentic information exists History regarding its early history. The neighbourhood of ’ Howrah city has long been a centre of European trade. When the Portuguese began to frequent the Hooghly river, about 1530, an important mart sprang up at Betor, close to Sibpur, where goods were transhipped from their vessels into small boats in which they were carried to S a t g a o n , near the modern town of Hooghly. Betor was abandoned towards the end of the sixteenth century in favour of Sutanuti, the site of the modern Calcutta. In 1687 Job Charnock settled temporarily at Ulubaria before he founded Calcutta. I11 1S19 Ilooghly and Howrah were separated from Burdwan, of which they i o S HO 1YRAH DISTRICT had previously formed part, and made into a separate District. Howrah is still an apanage of Hooghly for revenue purposes, but in 1843 it was constituted a separate magisterial charge. The population increased from 635,878 in 1872 to 675,394 in 1881, to 763,625 in 1891, and to 850,514 in 1901. Malaria is prevalent in rural areas owing to the bad drainage, and the mor tality from cholera, dysentery, and diarrhoea is also high. Details of the population in 1901 for each subdivision are shown below :—
Population. Number of Subdi\ ision. „•
1; •— CN M
*0 JÜT
0 eg ofie 2« 0 <5 0 .2 0 Uj c iu
rt rt 's ts a ir-T- £ C 5
e. 0 P h H’u
s > e
3 2 f'
£ 2
u 11 c.
. . Ulubäria . . 1 73 2
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