Ilimiy is tiykarlari

Table of contents. It is one of the first things a reader looks at, and thus it conveys an important message about the logical and sound nature of the material.
Table of contents

1. 
   Introduction
   
2. 
   Previous work – Literature review
   
3. 
   Material
   
4. 
   Method
   
5. 
   Results and analysis
   
6. 
   Discussion
   
7. 
   Conclusion
   
8. 
   Sources
   
9. 
   References
   
10. 
    Appendix
    

Introduction

An introduction presents the specific topic or problem and addresses the following questions:

• 
  Why the topic is important?
  
• 
  How does research approach relate to the issue?
  
• 
  What are theoretical implications of the study?
  

It starts by presenting the focus of the paper, such as

‘The present paper focuses on the use of plural terms of address in English’.

This should be followed by research-based background information on the topic, which should then lead to the specific

• 
  research question
  
• 
  aim
  
• 
  hypothesis and
  
• 
  a general statement
  

about how we intend to answer the research question.

Introduction also summarizes the structure of the work by outlining and justifying the content of subsequent chapters
Previous work

This section contains a critical survey of earlier work dealing with the topic. The goal is not to provide a list of summaries of previous research on the general topic, but rather to synthesize previous work to form a foundation and basis for how and why we are carrying out this research with the chosen

• 
  research question
  
• 
  theory and
  
• 
  method
  

We should draw connections between the studies, such as

• 
  How their results build on or
  
• 
  How their results contradict each other and
  
• 
  How their methods provide different perspectives on the topic.
  

We also need to make explicit connections between previous research and this research, i.e. describe which aspects of previous studies are important for the approach. our study should be influenced by previous work, and this may lead to a statement of a more specific research question or aim at the end of the previous work section.

Material

In this section, we should introduce the data.

• 
  If we are using a corpus, state which one and specific section that we are using.
  
• 
  If we are collecting the data through interviews, who are our informants?
  
• 
  How did we devise the interviews?
  
• 
  If we are using a television show or film, where did we get the transcripts and
  
• 
  How did we verify how authentic they are to the actual show or film?
  
• 
  If we are working with editions of historical manuscripts, according to what principles were they edited?
  

Additionally, the size of our data set, as well as social factors, for example, age, gender; that we have accounted for should be outlined, and our variable should be defined along with a description of what we are including and excluding.

Also, illustrate our variable with specific examples from our data set.

In this section, we should also state the nature and limitations of our data. Consider how our choice of data affects the results and analysis.
Method

Method section describes technical details of how investigation was conducted. This section is crucial in convincing the audience about the credibility of results. It is important that this part be concise and to-the-point.

Method section can be divided into subsections like

• 
  ‘Participants’,
  
• 
  ‘Instruments or Materials’,
  
• 
  ‘Procedures’ and sometimes
  
• 
  ‘Data analysis’.
  

The APA do not highlight ‘data analysis’ as an obligatory section. This section is typically short and does not contain any real results, only listing of statistical procedures applied.