My daily routine exercise Read and translate the text orally

15 .THE INTERNET INVENTORS
Exercise 1. Do a scan reading of the text. (Огзаки, устно)

In 1970 Paul Baran, Vint Cerf, John Postel and Bob Braden proposed the Internet conception.

Its prehistory dates back to the early 1970s when the RAND Corporation, America’s foremost Cold War think-tank, faced a strategic problem. The question was: how could the US Army communicate under circumstances of nuclear war, in zones involved into military operations? It was the Internet that became the answer. Each message is split into data packets and sent out via the computer network. Then it goes to its destination by whatever route was available, passing through many other computers, each of them being a part of the global network. In case one packet is missing, a receiver asks a sender to send the missing packet again. The above mentioned individuals were carrying out that research.

Paul Baran, then the employee of the RAND Corporation, was running the DARPAnet (Defense Advanced Research Project Network).

Vint Cerf, a.k.a. * the Father of the Internet, invented computer protocols for the DARPAnet, which allowed communication between computers of various types.

John Postel was the Project Leader for one of the Research Project. These two highly technical projects were completely incomprehensible to those who were not foremost scientists like Jon Postel. Postel had a M.Sc. degree in Engineering and a PH.D in Computer Science.

But the most relevant figure in Internet creating was a young Englishman who single-handedly made the World Wide Web. His name is Tim Berners Lee. Actually, he did not participate in creating the Internet itself, but he designed the World Wide Web, the “killer application “of the Internet. The Web is the reason for which millions of people dive into the Net. Even though still in its infancy, the Web is fascinating, it’s a global library. Once it’s fully formed, it could be awesome. Tim Berners Lee created the Web at the age of 32. At the same age Bill Gates was on his way to his first billion. Like Gates, Berners Lee was introduced to computers while still a child his parents were mathematicians. On graduating from Oxford, he developed the first Web prototype in 1980 for his personal use. Nowadays, he expects the Web to become a place where one could find any fact about anything quickly and cheaply.

The Web let the Net be used in a logical way. It created a standard that everybody could – and did – follow.

*a.k.a. – also known as

Notes:

Awesome - впечатляющий / ajoyib

Foremost - выдающийся, знаменитый (ученый, писатель) / mashxur, taniqli (olim, yozuvchi)

Think-tank - группа экспертов при правительстве или организации, консультативный совет, мозговой центр / hokimiyat yoki tashkilot qoshidagi ekspertlar guruxi, maslahat kengashi, fikr markazi

Message destination – адресат / manzil

Killer application - программа вне конкуренции / raqobatdan tashqaridagi dastur