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Abstract 
 
Zinc oxide (ZnO) Nanopowders were synthesized by the sol–gel method prepared by mixing a methanol solution and Zinc 
acetate dehydrate and adding ammonia NH4OH to adjust pH value of solution between 9 and 11, the resulting Nanopowders 
ZnO form a substrate material for the fabrication of ZnO varistors. Microstructure of ZnO nanoparticles were carried out by x-ray 
diffraction (XRD) that showed that the zinc oxide nanoparticles exhibited hexagonal wurtzite structure. The average particle size 
was about 12-30 nm. The topographical information of surface were investigated by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) that 
showed a homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles with average size of 22 nm which is in good agreement with XRD results, 
their size distribution was narrow (Fig.6). The I-V characteristics were obtained at a sintering temperature equal to 1,050 °C 
using MEGOHMMETER. 
Keywords:ZnO nanoparticles; Sol-gel method; Crystal structure; electrical properties. 
* Corresponding author. Tel.: [phone]; fax: [phone] . 
E-mail address:[e-mail] 
1. INTRODUCTION 
Oxides of nano particle size in nanometer range have been paid more attention for their unique properties [1-2]. 
They are widely used for solar energy conversion, non-linear optics, catalysis, varistors, gas sensors, etc [3-6]. 
Various techniques for the preparation of ZnO Nanopowders have been applied: sol–gel method, co-precipitation 
method, thermal decomposition, hydrothermal method, etc [7-10]. Among the different methods, the sol-gel 
approach appears to be one of the most promising methods to prepare ZnO nanoparticles. Some of the most 
 
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ScienceDirect
Energy Procedia 00 (2017) 000–000 
www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia 
 
1876-6102 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. 
Peer-review under responsibility of the Euro-Mediterranean Institute for Sustainable Development (EUMISD). 
International Conference on Technologies and Materials for Renewable Energy, Environment and 
Sustainability, TMREES17, 21-24 April 2017, Beirut Lebanon 
Synthesis of ZnO Nanopowders By Using Sol-Gel and Studying 
Their Structural and Electrical Properties at Different Temperature 
Khalaf AL ABDULLAH
a*
, Sahar AWAD
a
, Jean Zaraket
b
and Chafic Salame
b
a
Microelectronic Laboratory, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University Of Aleppo-Syria 
b
CEER, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, B.P 90656 Jdeidet El Mten, Lebanon