Seminars in modern english lexicology

Task 2: Divide the following words into morphemes. Indicate which morphemes are root, which are inflectional and which are derivational.
Mistreatment; deactivation; psychology; airsickness; terrorized; uncivilized; lukewarm; arms; sooner.


Morpheme division
- Mistreatment: mis- (prefix, derivational), treat (root), -ment (suffix, derivational)
- Deactivation: de- (prefix, derivational), activate (root), -ion (suffix, derivational)
- Psychology: psych- (root), -ology (suffix, derivational)
- Airsickness: air- (root), sick (root), -ness (suffix, derivational)
- Terrorized: terror- (root), -ize (suffix, derivational), -d (suffix, inflectional)
- Uncivilized: un- (prefix, derivational), civil- (root), -ize (suffix, derivational), -d (suffix, inflectional)
- Lukewarm: luke- (root), -warm (suffix, derivational)
- Arms: arm- (root), -s (suffix, inflectional)
- Sooner: soon- (root), -er (suffix, inflectional)


Task 3: Identify the roots in the following words:
Readiness, tired, unassuming, deactivated, possible, racketeers, cloudiness, hopefully, exceptionally, derivational, inflectional, characteristics.


Roots
- Readiness: readi- (root)
- Tired: tire- (root)
- Unassuming: assume (root)
- Deactivated: deactivate (root)
- Possible: poss- (root)
- Racketeers: racket- (root)
- Cloudiness: cloud- (root)
- Hopefully: hope- (root)
- Exceptionally: except- (root)
- Derivational: derive (root), -al (suffix, derivational)
- Inflectional: inflect (root), -al (suffix, derivational)
- Characteristics: character- (root), -istic (suffix, derivational), -s (suffix, inflectional)


Task 4: Identify root, inflectional and derivational morphemes in the following text. Pay attention to archaisms if you find them:
“Having thus answered the only objection that can ever be raised against me as a traveller, I here take a final leave of all my courteous readers and return to enjoy my own speculations in my little garden at Redriff; to apply those excellent lessons of virtue which I learned among the Houyhnhnms; to instruct the Yahoos of my own family, as far as I shall find them docile animals; to behold my figure often in a glass, and thus, if possible, habituate myself by time to tolerate the sight of a human creature, to lament the brutality to Houyhnhnms in my own country, but always treat their persons with respect, for the sake of my noble master, his family, his friends, and the whole Houyhnhnm race, whom these of ours have the honour to resemble in all their lineaments, however their intellectuals came to degenerate.” (J.Swift, “ Gulliver’s Travels”)


Note: Jonatan Swift's “Gulliver's Travels” (1726) : Houyhnhnms – name of an imaginary race of noble and wise horses: Yahoos - name of an imaginary race of brutish and stubborn creatures.