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I BO‘LIm. Organik olam haqida ma’lumot.............................................5


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I BO‘LIm. Organik olam haqida ma’lumot.............................................5
I BOB. Hayotning umumiy qonuniyatlari..............................................5
1- §. Tirik organizmlarning o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari..................................5
2- §. Tiriklikning tuzilish darajalari.............................................................8
II BOB. Organizmlarning xilma­xilligi..................................................10
3- §. hayotning hujayrasiz shakllari........................................................10
4- §. Prokariot hujayralar.........................................................................13
5- §. eukariotlar – o‘simliklarning xilma-xilligi.........................................17
6- §. Zamburug‘lar dunyosi.....................................................................19
7- §. hayvonlar dunyosi..........................................................................25
8- §. 1- laboratoriya mashg‘uloti. 1. Pichan tayoqcha bakteriyasini 
mikros kopda ko‘rish. 2. ko‘k-yashil suvo‘tini mikroskopda
ko‘rish.....................................................................................................28
II BO‘LIm. Hujayra haqidagi ta’limot....................................................29
III BOB. Sitologiya asoslari..................................................................29
9- §. hujayrani o‘rganish tarixi va hujayra nazariyasi.............................29
10- §. hujayrani o‘rganish usullari...........................................................31
11- §. eukariot hujayralar........................................................................33
12- §. Sitoplazma. hujayraning membranasiz va membranali 
organoidlari: endoplazmatik to‘r, ribosomalar, golji majmuasi.................38
13- §. Mitoxondriya, plastidalar, lizosomalar va sitoplazmaning 
boshqa organoidlari................................................................................41
14- §. Yadro va uning tuzilishi.................................................................44
15- §. Prokariot va eukariot hujayralar....................................................47
16- §. hujayralar evolutsiyasi..................................................................49
17- §. 2- laboratoriya mashg‘uloti. o‘simlik va hayvon hujayralarining 
tuzi lishini mikroskop yordamida o‘rganish...............................................51
18- §. 3- laboratoriya mashg‘uloti. o‘simlik hujayrasida plazmoliz va 
deplazmolizni kuzatish...........................................................................52

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