Tense degan atama bilan ifodalanadi. Macmillian English Dictionary for Advanced Learners lug'atida zamon, ya'ni tense

Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
He said 'I have been having English lessons
for a year.'
He said that he had been having English lessons for a
year.
Modal fe'llar va boshqa yordamchi fe'llar quyidagicha oʻzgaradi:
will/shall
would/should
He said 'Tom will win the match'
He said (that) Tom would win the match.
Hamdam Atajanov

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54
can
could
He said 'I can speak five languages' He said (that) he could speak five languages.
must/have to/has to
had to
He said 'I have to/must goʻ
He said (that) he had to go.
may
might
He said 'Tom may win the match'
He said (that) Tom might win the match.
Boshqa vaziyatlarda koʻchirma gapda qoʻllanilgan might/could/should/would/ought to modal fe'llari
oʻzgarmay qolgani ma'qul.
must modal fe'li koʻchirma gapda majburiyatni bildirib kelgan paytlarda had to modal fe'liga oʻzgarishi,
buyruq yoki talabni bildirib kelganda esa oʻzgarmasdan qolishi kerak.
He said 'I must go now' (majburiyat)
He said that he had to go then.
'You must do your homework' said Father to his son. ( buyruq,
talab)
Father said that he must do his
homework
Koʻchirma gapdan oʻzlashtirma gapga aylantirilganda quyidagi ba'zi olmosh va payt ravishlari ham mos
ravishda oʻzgarishi kerak.
Koʻchirma gap
Oʻzlashtirma gap
today
that day
now
then
yesterday
the day before
tomorrow
the next/following day
last night
the night before/previous night
two years ago
two years before
next morning
the following morning
here
there
this
that
these
those
tonight
that night
He said 'I am leaving today'
He said that he was leaving that day.
He said 'I don't like the air here'
He said that he didn't like the air there.
He said 'Tom is busy now'
He said that Tom was busy then.
Hamdam Atajanov

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55
Oʻ
ZLASHTIRMA GAPLARDA SO
ʻ
ROQ GAPLARNI IFODALASH
Ma'lumki, ingliz tilida soʻroq gaplar ikki katta guruhga boʻlinadi:
Umumiy soʻroq gaplar (yes/no questions) - javob sifatida yes -ha yoki no - yoʻq soʻzlarini talab qiladigan
soʻroq gaplar. Bu soʻroq gaplar yordamchi fe'llar bilan hosil qilinadi.
Do you speak English? Are you a student? Can he swim?
Maxsus soʻroq gaplar (special questions) - Bunday soʻroq gaplarda aniq bir shaxs/voqea/narsa haqida
ma'lumot soʻraladi va soʻroq gap soʻroq olmoshlari (what/when/who/why/where…) va yordamchi fe'llar
bilan hosil qilinadi.
What do you do? Where is he going? Why did she leave early?
Soʻroq gaplarni oʻzlashtirma gapga aylantirgandagi qoida uning qanday soʻroq gap turiga mansub
ekanligidan kelib chiqadi.
Agar soʻroq gap umumiy soʻroq gap boʻlsa quyidagi qurilma qoʻllaniladi:
muallif gapi+if/whether+bir zamon orqaga surilgan darak gap

He asked me 'Do you speak English?' (soʻroq gap)

He asked me if I spoke English. (bir zamon orqaga surilgan darak gap)

They asked Tom 'Are you a student?' (soʻroq gap)

They asked Tom whether he was a student. (bir zamon orqaga surilgan darak gap)

I asked Jane 'Can your brother swim?' (soʻroq gap)

I wanted to know if her brother could swim. (bir zamon orqaga surilgan darak gap)
Agar soʻroq gap maxsus soʻroq gap boʻlsa quyidagi qurilma qoʻllaniladi: