Tense degan atama bilan ifodalanadi. Macmillian English Dictionary for Advanced Learners lug'atida zamon, ya'ni tense

+gerund] qurilmasi gap oʻrnini bosib kela oladi.

Before going out, I phoned Sarah. (Before I went out…)

What did you do after leaving school? (After you left school…)
by - orqali predlogi gerundiy bilan qoʻllanilganda ish-harakatning qanday tarzda amalga oshirilganini
koʻrsatadi.

The burglar got into the house by breaking the window and climbing in. (Oʻg'ri ichkariga oynani
sindirib kiribdi.)

She made herself ill by not eating properly.
without - -masdan, -siz predlogi ish-harakatni boshqa bir ish-harakat amalga oshirilmasdan bajarilganini
koʻrsatadi.

I ran ten kilometers without stopping. (Men toʻxtamasdan 10 kilometr yugurdim.)

She needs to work without people disturbing her.
besides, as well as, apart from koʻmakchilari gapda qoʻllanilganda –dan tashqari degan ma’noda
qoʻllaniladi.

Besides working as a doctor, he also writes novels in his spare time.

She negotiates the licences as well as ordering the equipment.
Ingliz tilida to — ga predlogining gerundiy bilan ishlatilish holatlarini ham bilib olish kerak. Bunday
vaziyatlarda predlogni infinitiv tarkibidagi to soʻzidan farqlay bilish lozim. Quyidagi birikmalardan to
predlog hisoblanadi.

I prefer driving to traveling by train. (prefer doing something to doing something else)

I am looking forward to seeing Ann again. (look forward to doing something)

I am used to living alone. (be/get used to doing something)

I am accustomed to living alone. (be/get accustomed to doing something)

This offer is made subject to receiving your confirmation within 10 days.
be/get used to+gerund qurilmasini oʻtgan zamondagi odat va holatlar uchun qoʻllaniladigan used to+bare
infinitive qurilmasidan farqlay bilish lozim. Bunday vaziyatlarda used to dan oldin fe’l boʻlsa gerundiy, fe’l
boʻlmasa 73nfinitive qoʻllaniladi.

I am used to living in a small city. (Men kichkina shaharda yashashga oʻrganib ketganman.)

I used to live in a small city. (Men kichkina shaharda yashardim.)
Hamdam Atajanov

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