Variant 1 You could have come first and won the race if you … faster

21. The word RIVALRY in the passage is closest in meaning to ...
A) discrimination B) argument C) competition D) problem
22. According to the text, which of the following is not considered to be typical hazard?
A) attacks by the ships of enemies B) the ignorance of commanders
C) regular storms in seas and oceans D) the deficiency of food stuff
23. According to the passage, what was especially frequent for explorers?
A) to sail towards the unfamiliar parts of ocean seeking treasure
B) to set off without essential equipment
C) to be attacked by mild weather conditions
D) to come to other destinations or to lose ways
14. What subject is the passage mainly related to?
A) 16th-century explores B) The improvement of navigation
C) Long voyages all over the world D) Joys of going away to sea


The world cuts down more than a million trees every year to make paper and paper products. In the USA, each person uses about 300 kilograms of paper each year. In Europe, the figure is 200 kilograms. In India, each person uses only 6 kilograms of paper each year. It takes two tonnes of wood and 200,000 litres of water to make a tonne of paper. About 30% of our rubbish is paper and paper products. It is wasteful to dump them. Paper on rubbish dumps doesn`t do anybody any good. It decays and produces poisonous gases. It is better to collect waste paper and other paper products and recycle them. Recycled paper produces 35% less water pollution and 74% less air pollution, and uses 48% less energy and 58% less water than new paper. Toilet paper, egg boxes and paper bags are good examples of possible recycled paper products.
25. What is the main idea of the text?
A) There are many ways to recycle waste paper. B) Paper manufacturing is a very complex process.
C) The USA wastes the most paper in the world. D) Recycling paper is a cost-effective practise.